Phase Advance of the Light-Dark Cycle Perturbs Diurnal Rhythms of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neurotrophin-3 Protein Levels, Which Reduces Synaptophysin-positive Presynaptic Terminals in the Cortex of Juvenile Rats

Circadian modulation of memory and plasticity gene products in a diurnal species

“…Thus, there is a positive bias for both nocturnal and diurnal species for optimal retention of this task when the learning occurs during the active phase of the species. Interestingly, the rhythms of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB protein production of grass rats appear to be out of phase from those reported for laboratory rats (Cirelli and Tononi, 2000b; Dolci et al, 2003; Hamatake et al, 2011; Ikeno et al, 2013; Katoh-Semba et al, 2008). These data provide at least correlational evidence for the claim that differences in optimal phase for retention of hippocampal dependent tasks between nocturnal and diurnal species stem from phase differences in the rhythmic expression of plasticity genes in the hippocampus.…”

“…In the hippocampus, several gene products contribute to neural plasticity and the process of learning and retention (Minichiello, 2009; Bekinschtein, Kent et al 2013; Callaghan and Kelly 2013; Bekinschtein, Cammarota et al 2014, Berchtold et al, 1999; Bova et al, 1998; Cirelli and Tononi, 2000a; Cirelli and Tononi, 2000b; Dolci et al, 2003; Eckel-Mahan et al, 2008; Hamatake et al, 2011; Ikeno et al, 2013; Katoh-Semba et al, 2008; Roth and Sweatt, 2008; Selcher et al, 1999). Prominent among such plasticity gene products are brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high affinity tyrosine kinase receptor (TrkB).…”

“…Although some discrepancies exist with respect to rhythms of BDNF/TrkB mRNAs in the hippocampus of nocturnal species (Berchtold et al, 1999; Bova et al, 1998; Cirelli and Tononi, 2000a; Ikeno et al, 2013; Schaaf et al, 2000; Dolci et al, 2003;Golini et al, 2012; Liang et al, 1998; Schaaf et al, 2000), measures of protein abundance show peak hippocampal expression of BDNF/TrkB during the dark phase in adult nocturnal rats (Dolci et al, 2003; Hamatake et al, 2011; Katoh-Semba et al, 2008). Rhythmic expression of BDNF and TrkB may mediate the circadian modulation of hippocampal-dependent memory, and differences in the phase of those rhythms could correlate with differences in the optimal times for learning and/or retention when diurnal and nocturnal species are compared.…”

Sleep Deprivation and Gene Expression

“…An investigation of the diurnal variations of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and BDNF levels in several brain regions of juvenile rats (2 weeks) detected increased BDNF levels in the dark phase and decreased levels in the light phase. NT-3 levels showed the opposite profile in the neocortex (Hamatake et al 2011). Another study observed that intracerebroventricular injections of NT-3 and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) in adult rabbits promote non-REM sleep in a dose-dependent manner (Kushikata et al 2003).…”

“…The gene expression and protein levels of neurotrophic factors involved with cell growth and function (Boyd and Gordon 2003a, b) have also been shown to be affected by sleep deprivation (Cirelli and Tononi 2000a;Sei et al 2000;Fujihara et al 2003;Hamatake et al 2011;Ventskovska et al 2014;Wallingford et al 2014;Zielinski et al 2014). Most studies were concerned with BDNF, a neurotrophin of great importance for neuronal plasticity and survival (Ghosh et al 1994;Ventimiglia et al 1995;Lipsky and Marini 2007;Sossin and Barker 2007).…”