Phase 1 study of an oxaliplatin and etoposide regimen in pediatric patients with recurrent solid tumors

Abstract

A novel all‐polymer light modulator with a gel‐in‐gel system was developed. The gel‐in‐gel system was constructed with colored gel particles responsive to stimuli held independently in another stimuli‐nonresponsive gel matrix. Well‐known thermoresponsive N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) gel particles containing a pigment were dispersed and fixed in an outer stimuli‐nonresponsive gel matrix. When poly(vinyl alcohol)–styrylpyridinium (PVA–SbQ) was used for the outer gel matrix, the light modulator showed excellent color‐changing properties because the PVA–SbQ matrix was selectively formed around the NIPAM gel particles and the particles exhibited a large volume change in the matrix. The temperature when the outer gel matrix was formed affected the haze of the light modulator. When the outer gel matrix was formed in the swollen state of the NIPAM gels, the haze of a light modulator increased with heating. On the contrary, the haze of a light modulator prepared in the shrunken state of the NIPAM gels decreased with heating. The response time of the color change was less than 1 s. The gel‐in‐gel system made a very fast macroscopic color change, taking advantage of the fast response of the micrometer‐sized gel particles. We believe that a light modulator with a gel‐in‐gel system may find various applications in optical devices. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2295–2303, 2007

A phase I study of rebeccamycin analog in combination with oxaliplatin in patients with refractory solid tumors

“…Clinical activity was again seen across all studies. A single phase I pediatric solid tumor trial has looked at the combination of oxaliplatin and a topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide [17]. Given the activity seen in this pediatric study further studies were recommended.…”

Phase I Clinical Trial of Ifosfamide, Oxaliplatin, and Etoposide (IOE) in Pediatric Patients With Refractory Solid Tumors

“…Oxaliplatin was administered at 130 mg/m 2 /day, its MTD when given every 21 days as a single agent and in the two-drug regimen with etoposide. 22,26 Due to the potential increased myelosuppression with the addition of ifosfamide to oxaliplatin and etoposide, the starting dose of etoposide in our three-drug regimen was one dose level below its MTD in the two-drug regimen. 26 Thus, the first dose level comprised ifosfamide 1500 mg/m 2 /day and etoposide 75 mg/m 2 /day; this ifosfamide dose comprised a conventional dose used in pediatric combination protocols.…”

“…22,26 Due to the potential increased myelosuppression with the addition of ifosfamide to oxaliplatin and etoposide, the starting dose of etoposide in our three-drug regimen was one dose level below its MTD in the two-drug regimen. 26 Thus, the first dose level comprised ifosfamide 1500 mg/m 2 /day and etoposide 75 mg/m 2 /day; this ifosfamide dose comprised a conventional dose used in pediatric combination protocols. 1 The second dose level comprised ifosfamide 1500 mg/m 2 /day and etoposide 100 mg/m 2 /day.…”

“…In children, oxaliplatin has been studied in single-agent phase I/II trials 22-25 and in combination with etoposide, 26 irinotecan, 27 gemcitabine, 28 doxorubicin, 29 and fluorouracil with leuocovorin. 30 Oxaliplatin has been well tolerated, without significant nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity.…”

Treatment of Relapsed Wilms Tumor

“…Oxaliplatin has a broad antitumor activity including tumors resistant to carboplatin. However, since the data available is from two patients enrolled on two different phase I pediatric trials (oxaliplatin alone (Spunt et al 2007 ) and oxaliplatin/etoposide (McGregor et al 2009 )), with no documented response, no conclusion can be made about the potential effi cacy of this agent for the treatment of recurrent WT.…”