Pharyngeal Stop in Cleft Palate Speech

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

“…Isshiki et al [1971], Schulz el al. [ 1973], Abyholm [ 1976], Jackson and Silverton [1977], Hogan and Schwartz [1977], Becker [1982], among others, agree in that better surgical results can be attained in young children than in older ones or adults.…”

“…The intelligence level of the child has an unequivocal effect on the tendency of the results; observation to that effect was made by Isshiki et al [1971] as well as by Minami et al [1975], The question is whether it would be to the purpose at all to perform speech-correcting surgery in case of oligo phrenia. Concerning the matter we agree with Moll et al [1963] in that: 'The chances of success in obtaining velopharyngeal compe tence and at least improved speech are good with these individuals.'…”

“…According to Cot ton and Nuwayhid [1983], speech therapy is important in cases where VP escape is mini mal or where the patient can be consistently stimulated to close. According to Honjow and Isshiki [1971] Bensen [1977] compiled a useful checklist fora quick analysis of speech (designed for use by the plastic surgeon). This test can be accom plished within 5 min, with its aid it is possi ble to quickly place the patient in one of four categories.…”

Speech Characteristics: Updating Clinical Decisions

“…Despite the fact that Morris was unimpressed with the data in 1968, several studies have demonstrated posterior tongue carriage, abnormal lingual contacts, or both (Brooks et al, 1965(Brooks et al, , 1966Buck, 1960;Honjow and Isshiki, 1971;Lawrence and Philips, 1975;Powers, 1962;Shohara, 1942;Trost, 1981), at least in some speakers with clefts. In an early study using palatography, Shohara (1942) showed a shift from more posterior articulatory contacts to more anterior contacts in a patient with cleft palate as a consequence of obturation.…”

Producing turbulent speech sounds in the context of cleft palate

“…First, Kawano et al (1997) found that a higher place of articulation (with tongue base contacting at oropharynx) was more frequently observed in older children and adults, and a lower site (at oro-and laryngopharynx) was more frequently seen in younger children. Second, several studies have noted that the pharyngeal stop is greatly influenced by preceding and following sounds (Brooks, Shelton, and Youngstrom 1965;Honjow and Isshiki 1971;Kawano et al 1997;Trost 1981). These studies showed that pharyngeal stops occur primarily in the context of low/back vowels, such as /a/, /o/, /u/ but not high/front vowels such as /i/, /e/ (/k/ in these contexts was often produced correctly or as other types of errors).…”