Pharmacy Residency School-wide Match Rates and Modifiable Predictors in ACPE-accredited Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy

Whittaker, Alana; Smith, Katherine; Shan, Guogen

doi:10.5688/ajpe6109

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Recently, Whittaker and colleagues examined modifiable predictors of institution-wide first-year postgraduate (PGY1) residency match rates among 121 colleges and schools of pharmacy and noted that average NAPLEX pass rate, academic health center affiliation, admit-to-applicant ratio, and U.S. News & World Report rankings positively predicted match rates, while larger class size and higher minority enrollment were significant negative predictors. 10 Beginning in 2015, the NAPLEX has undergone several changes, including a revision to the passing standard in 2015, and starting in 2016, extending the length of the examination from 4.25 hours to 6 hours, increasing the number of questions from 185 to 250, and moving from a computer adaptive format to a preassembled model with certain percentages of questions varying in difficulty. Most of the questions on the NAPLEX are scenariobased, using patient profiles or medical records that require analysis in order to answer related questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pharmacy School Characteristics on NAPLEX First-time Pass Rates

Williams

Spivey

Hagemann

et al. 2019

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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Objective. To assess the impact of pharmacy school characteristics on the pass rates of students taking the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) for the first time. Methods. A retrospective review of NAPLEX first-time pass rates, pharmacy school characteristics and percent of total graduating class who matched for a first postgraduate year (PGY1) residency was performed for 2014, 2015, and 2016. All US colleges of pharmacy accredited as of July 2017 were included. Independent samples t tests, paired samples t tests, correlational analysis, and multiple linear regression were conducted. Results. The first-time pass rates on the NAPLEX were significantly higher for the following: schools located within an academic health center; schools established before 2000, and public schools. The 2016 NAPLEX first-time pass rate was significantly higher for schools with a traditional four-year program structure versus an accelerated three-year structure. Also, a school's first-time pass rate on the NAPLEX was positively, significantly correlated with percentage of fourth-year students who matched for a PGY1 residency and being located within an academic health center. The NAPLEX first-time pass rate for the previous year and percent of the total graduating class that matched for a PGY1 residency were significant predictors in the final regression models for 2015 and 2016 NAPLEX first-time pass rates. Conclusion. While differences in certain program characteristics was coorelated with NAPLEX pass rate, many of these factors are not modifiable. Programs can proactively and critically evaluate their educational programs and the readiness of their students to sit for the NAPLEX.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pharmacy School Characteristics on NAPLEX First-time Pass Rates

Williams

Spivey

Hagemann

et al. 2019

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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“…A variety of other factors were associated with higher match rates in individual studies, including the age of the school, 25 accreditation status, 22 number of funded faculty, 23 class size, 24 and minority enrollment 24 . Use of a numeric grading scale (vs pass/fail grading) was associated with a higher match rate in one study 7 but not when advanced pharmacy practice experiences were studied exclusively 26 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine studies compared school‐level factors with match rate; these studies were classified as biodata rather than academic performance because individual student performance was not assessed. Multiple studies demonstrated that match rates tended to be higher for 4‐year programs, 7,22 public institutions, 7,23 and schools affiliated with an academic medical center 23‐25 . Higher pass rates on the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) were also associated with higher match rates 22‐24 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple studies demonstrated that match rates tended to be higher for 4‐year programs, 7,22 public institutions, 7,23 and schools affiliated with an academic medical center 23‐25 . Higher pass rates on the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) were also associated with higher match rates 22‐24 . Although the NAPLEX could be considered a job knowledge test, it was not categorized as such in this analysis because scores were analyzed in aggregate at the school level (presumably as a reflection of education quality) and these data are not available to RPDs during the application process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Programs should even consider sharing the tools used to evaluate candidates, as doing so may help applicants self‐select the programs to which they are best suited (ie, reducing the number of applications requiring review). For example, if academic pedigree or other school‐related factors are important to an RPD (as some studies in this review suggested 7,22‐28 ), that should be explicitly stated so that candidates do not apply to programs (and pay additional fees in PhORCAS) if they will not even be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Surveying the selection landscape: A systematic review of processes for selecting postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residents and key implications

Reed

Noel

Heil

et al. 2020

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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IntroductionThe growth in applicants to postgraduate year one (PGY1) pharmacy residency programs outpaces the number of available positions, requiring that residency program directors (RPDs) evaluate an increasing number of qualified candidates. Discrepancies exist in the characteristics thought to distinguish exemplary candidates and the methods for selecting them.ObjectivesTo characterize the burdens of the selection process, summarize methods for selecting PGY1 residents based on a systematic review, and list best practices for improving the process.MethodsBurdens were characterized by collecting applicant costs via survey and program costs and workload estimates via interviews of RPDs at small, medium, and large programs. For the systematic review, a medical librarian searched for articles pertaining to resident selection. Articles underwent a title/abstract screen and full text screen by two authors and a third served as tiebreaker. Data were summarized in descriptive form, and consisted of study methodology, selection method(s) of interest, and principal findings.ResultsThe median cost to applicants was $1756 (interquartile range [IQR] $1271‐$2423). The median cost to residency programs was $5068 (IQR $3943‐$12 310). Program directors spent a median of 56.5 hours on selection; a median of 22.0 and 21.3 hours were spent by each preceptor and current resident, respectively. A total of 51 articles (22 surveys and 29 other designs) were included in the systematic review. Biographical data, interviews, and references were among the most commonly explored evaluation methods. Articles consisted primarily of descriptions of selection methods, summaries of RPD attitudes regarding these methods or characteristics desired in a resident, or factors that predicted a successful match. Few articles investigated the validity and reliability of selection methods.ConclusionSelection is a cumbersome process for both applicants and programs alike. Fortunately, numerous opportunities exist to improve the process, and these should serve as the basis of future research.

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Factors associated with pharmacy residency matching: A scoping review

Miller

Lavender

Johnson

et al. 2022

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Introduction The increasing demand for pharmacy residency programs continues to outpace the supply. The mismatch between available pharmacy residency positions and the number of residency applicants leaves many interested and qualified candidates without a residency. The objective of this review is to describe available literature and factors associated with successful matching to a pharmacy residency program. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Protocols and Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was used to guide the identification and selection of articles. A search strategy was developed using the combination of medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords from a review of titles and abstracts of known articles. Titles and abstracts were independently reviewed, and citation mapping was completed for all studies that met inclusion criteria. Results Studies assessing residency match rates were included and 28 studies met inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 16 analyzed data from pharmacy schools, with over half evaluating an intervention such as mock interviews or residency preparation courses. Most of these studies found an association between the intervention and higher match rates. Two studies surveyed residency program directors on desired traits of prospective candidates. Ten studies analyzed national data. A higher number of residency applications, a higher number of interviews completed or invitations received, publication of research abstracts, and higher grade point averages were associated with higher match rates. Pharmacy school characteristics with positive impacts on match rates included public institution, older age of the school, higher North American Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) pass rates, and affiliation with an academic medical center. Conclusion The studies described show the positive benefit of pharmacy residency preparatory activities and individual applicant factors, as well as pharmacy school characteristics on match rates. Most studies had limitations in study design and generalizability, and much of the data were heterogeneous.

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Pharmacy Residency School-wide Match Rates and Modifiable Predictors in ACPE-accredited Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Impact of Pharmacy School Characteristics on NAPLEX First-time Pass Rates

Impact of Pharmacy School Characteristics on NAPLEX First-time Pass Rates

Surveying the selection landscape: A systematic review of processes for selecting postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residents and key implications

Factors associated with pharmacy residency matching: A scoping review

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