Pharmacy Practice and Its Research: Evolution and Definitions

Hasan, Syed Shahzad; Thiruchelvam, Kaeshaelya; Kairuz, Therése; Abbas, Nasir; Babar, Zaheer‐Ud‐Din

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812735-3.00623-3

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Up to date, there is no global or universally accepted definition of pharmacy practice or pharmacy practice research. Several studies aimed to figure out a comprehensive definition of pharmacy practice and its disciplines [ 17 , 18 ]. In 2019, Hasan et al conducted an exploratory study to define pharmacy practice and it’s research, where several definitions were collected and analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, Hasan et al conducted an exploratory study to define pharmacy practice and it’s research, where several definitions were collected and analyzed. In conclusion, Hasan et al illustrated the major themes comprising pharmacy practice and pharmacy practice research, which were medicines use, patient-centered care, and health services delivery [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacy practice and clinical pharmacy research in the Middle East: a scoping review of studies from Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

Obaid

El‐Dahiyat

Babar

2022

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Background Pharmacy practice research publications has increased significantly in the last decade. This is also true for Middle Eastern countries. Aims The aim of this study was to document and review pharmacy practice literature in the Middle Eastern Arab countries. Materials and methods A scoping review was conducted using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Medline/PubMed and Scopus were used to screen the articles. All published original research articles concerning any facet of pharmacy practice in 12 Arabic Middle Eastern countries during 2009–2019 were included. A thematic analysis was performed to classify the articles. Results Nine hundred and eighty-one articles were included in this study. Eight themes emerged from the selected articles. Medication use was the predominant theme 30.78% (302), followed by pharmacy practice and pharmacist services 22.94% (225), and then pharmacy education and professional development 16.31% (160). The KSA, Jordan, Qatar, and the UAE were the leading countries to publish pharmacy practice research. Conclusions Pharmacy practice research is growing and significantly adding to enhance pharmaceutical health services in the Middle East Region. There is a need to develop a research agenda. This will help in enriching the practice, as well as to avoid repetitive ideas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy practice and clinical pharmacy research in the Middle East: a scoping review of studies from Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

Obaid

El‐Dahiyat

Babar

2022

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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“…3,4 Although the definition of PP may differ depending on the health system characteristics of each individual country, in general, it has evolved over time. 5 For example, in 1996, the World Health Organization defined good pharmacy practice as "that which responds to the necessities of those individuals who use the services pharmacists provide in an effort to offer the optimal quality of evidence-based care" and also mentions "the contribution of pharmacists may extend to all levels of healthcare service planning and provision". 6 In 2013, Moullin et al defined professional pharmacy services in community pharmacy as "an action or set of actions undertaken in or organized by a pharmacy, and delivered by a pharmacist […] who applies their specialized health knowledge […] to optimize the care process".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, Hasan et al postulated that PPR should consider three factors: medicines use, health services provision and patient-centred care. 5 On the other hand, García Cárdenas et al 4 Point out that, to achieve a structured focus in PP research, it is useful to apply the Medical Research Council framework, which consists of four steps (or pharmacy practice key strategic areas of research reported): design, implementation, evaluation and sustainability. 4 In this Review, we apply both frameworks in order to characterize PP in Latin America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy practice in Latin America: a review of published literature, 2017–2021

López¹,

Gallegos²

2022

DIC

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Background: Pharmacy practice (PP) research is a new discipline that studies the scope of interventions and health services performed by pharmacists. Information on PP in Latin America is available; however, to date, it has not been methodically analysed. It is critical to understand the current level of evolution of pharmaceutical activities to support evidence-based decision-making. Methods:We performed a review of PP literature published in five databases, of which two were international and three were focused on Latin America. The data obtained were qualitative, such that the strategies used for data search and collection were structured by PRISMA guidelines, and data synthesis and analysis were conducted through a narrative review. Results:Of the 1863 articles found in the initial search, 108 were included in the final analysis. The majority of these were conducted in Brazil (n=73, 74%) and Colombia (n=14, 13%). The interventions and services most frequently reported were dispensing (n=24, 22%), clinical pharmacy services (n=21, 19%) and pharmaceutical care (n=21, 19%). Most studies focused on only one key strategic area (n=94, 87%), specifically on health services provision. Conclusion:PP in Latin America follows worldwide trends to some extent with regard to the inclusion of clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care. However, the region also demonstrates particularities, including the heterogenous level of development amongst its countries. It is vital for Latin American pharmacists to publish their activities, interventions and services in order to generate a solid evidence base to evaluate practice and support informed decision-making.

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“…The lack of patient adherence is the most significant cause of treatment failure. [1][2][3][4][5] Global trends of development in the pharmaceutical services offered in community pharmacies are already improving pharmaceutical care, aiming also at making sure pharmacists can reach their full potential. 6 In countries with a high standard of pharmaceutical service (eg Great Britain, USA, Canada, Finland), a high level of access to healthcare and a high quality of healthcare services can be observed (as evaluated by a Health Assessment Questionnaire), 7 which is significantly different from the current standards of pharmacies in Poland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Community Pharmacy Comorbidities Screening Service on Patients with Chronic Diseases

Lewicki¹,

Religioni²,

Merks³

2021

PPA

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Objective: Evaluation of the implementation of pharmaceutical services to detect comorbidities in at-risk patients. Methods: This study was carried out in community pharmacies across Poland in 2019 inside the specially designed service "Refer the Patient". The project was intended for patients with selected chronic diseases. The patients were identified on the basis of their medications (active substances). At-risk patients were referred for prophylactic examinations to detect comorbidities. Results: A total of 78 pharmacies took part in this study and 209 at-risk patients were identified. Out of the patients referred for examinations, 30% had deviant results, and 0.95% were diagnosed with new diseases. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical services supporting screening tests among at-risk patients are highly recommended. Pharmacist intervention allows for early detection of comorbidities and prompt treatment. The pharmaceutical service "Refer the Patient" makes it possible to detect a disease at an early stage. Rapid implementation of treatment can prevent serious health consequences, maintains patient quality of life, and reduce treatment costs.

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Pharmacy Practice and Its Research: Evolution and Definitions

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Pharmacy practice and clinical pharmacy research in the Middle East: a scoping review of studies from Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

Pharmacy practice and clinical pharmacy research in the Middle East: a scoping review of studies from Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

Pharmacy practice in Latin America: a review of published literature, 2017–2021

Evaluation of the Community Pharmacy Comorbidities Screening Service on Patients with Chronic Diseases

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