“…Recommendation 2: Develop avant-garde executive leadership competencies A review and synthesis of recent literature on professional competence (Arnold et al 2006;Englebright and Perlin 2008;Hartman and Crow 2002;Huston 2008;Kirk 2008Kirk , 2009May and Ferguson-Paré 1997;Meadows et al 2003Meadows et al , 2005Misener et al 1997;Palarca et al 2008;Porter-O'Grady and Malloch 2009;Sentell and Fenstuen 1998;Stefl 2008;Sutto et al 2008) revealed high consistency with the Canadian College of Health Service Executives' competencies (2005), which include leadership, communication, lifelong learning, consumer and community responsiveness and public relations, political awareness in the health environ-ment, conceptual skills, results-oriented management, resources management and compliance with standards, ethics and laws (see Appendix A).…”