Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Review on Various Hypoglycemics

Abstract

Diabetes is a cosmopolitan medical issue ramifying a large population regardless of ethnicity. Elevated glycemic condition in a patient is explained as diabetes. It can be mainly categorized into Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) and Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) or Type 1 or Type 2 respectively. Type 1 or IDDM needs insulin therapy exclusively while Type 2 can be controlled via various hypoglycemic agents. Conventional classes contain glitazones, biguanides, sulfonylurea’s and so on, while newly developed drug classes include gliptins or DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 receptor inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. The novelty in the anti-hyperglycemic agents have given promising results as compared to the conventional drugs. Insulin cannot be negated as far as its glycemic control is concerned. Furthermore, development of Insulin analogues like detemir, glargine, Lispro have been shown to control glucose levels in the plasma more efficiently.