Pharmacotherapy in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: What Is the Evidence?

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease affecting over 35% of extremely preterm infants born each year. Despite the advances made in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease over the last five decades, BPD remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in this population, and the incidence of the disease increases with decreasing gestational age. As inflammation is one of the key drivers in the pathogenesis, it has been targeted by majority of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to prevent BPD. Most extremely premature infants receive a myriad of medications during their stay in the neonatal intensive care unit in an effort to prevent or manage BPD, with corticosteroids, caffeine, and diuretics being the most commonly used medications. However, there is no consensus regarding their use and benefits in this population. This review summarizes the available literature regarding these medications and aims to provide neonatologists and neonatal providers with evidence-based recommendations.

Identification and validation of cuproptosis related genes and signature markers in bronchopulmonary dysplasia disease using bioinformatics analysis and machine learning

“…Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a disease with a high prevalence in preterm infants, affecting 35% of all babies born prematurely each year [ 1 ]. The disease is caused by a number of factors [ 2 , 3 ], such as the weight and survival of the preterm infant [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Identification and Validation of Cuproptosis Related Genes and Signature Markers in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Disease using Bioinformatics Analysis and Machine Learning

“…Because the lungs of preterm infants are at an immature stage, inappropriate treatment can impair lung growth and produce structural changes in the affected lungs due to reduced alveoli and disturbed matrix remodeling, which may persist into adolescence (Hirani et al, 2022). Current research ndings suggest that treatment options for BPD are limited to supportive care such as hyperoxia and medications (Omar et al, 2022;Sakaria & Dhanireddy, 2022), and that relatively advanced screening and diagnostic imaging techniques are only available for speci c populations (Hocq et al, 2022), and that more e cient and feasible treatments need to be developed.…”

“…Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a disease with a high prevalence in preterm infants, affecting 35% of all babies born prematurely each year (Sakaria & Dhanireddy, 2022). The disease is caused by a number of factors (Ericsson, 2020;Jobe & Bancalari, 2001), such as the weight and survival of the preterm infant (Jensen et al, 2019;Stoll et al, 2015).…”

Assessment of validity and utility of a bronchopulmonary dysplasia outcome estimator

“…The American Academy of Pediatrics recently updated their guideline for the use of postnatal corticosteroids to prevent or treat chronic lung disease following preterm birth 1 . The policy highlights the critical role of appropriate patient selection for treatment as there are significant adverse consequences associated with both overtreatment and undertreatment with corticosteroids 2 . One tool that has been suggested to be used is the online bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) outcome estimator developed and recently updated by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) for early prediction of risk of BPD 3 .…”

“…1 The policy highlights the critical role of appropriate patient selection for treatment as there are significant adverse consequences associated with both overtreatment and undertreatment with corticosteroids. 2 One tool that has been suggested to be used is the online bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) outcome estimator developed and recently updated by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) for early prediction of risk of BPD. 3 Using this tool, the clinician can estimate the burden of BPD and use this information to decide whether to prescribe postnatal steroids after counseling the parents.…”