Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Williams, Taryn; Phillips, Nicole; Stein, Dan J.; Ipser, Jonathan

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002795.pub3

Cited by 41 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…Serotonin deficiency is associated with the development of PTSD symptoms, such as impulsivity, hostility, aggression, depression and suicidal thoughts [ 38 ]. Other findings of altered 5-HT neurotransmission in PTSD include decreased serum 5-HT concentrations, decreased density of 5-HT reuptake sites in platelets and an altered response to CNS serotonergic provocation [ 39 , 40 ]. To sum up, altered 5-HT transmission may contribute to the development of PTSD symptoms, such as hypervigilance, increased surprise, impulsivity and intrusive memories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Serum Concentration Levels of Serotonin, Tryptophan and Cortisol among Stress-Resilient and Stress-Susceptible Individuals after Experiencing Traumatic Stress

Ogłodek

2022

IJERPH

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Background: Stress is a common response to many environmental adversities. However, once dysregulated, this reaction can lead to psychiatric illnesses, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals can develop PTSD after exposure to traumatic events, severely affecting their quality of life. Nevertheless, not all individuals exposed to stress will develop psychiatric disorders, provided they show enhanced stress-resilience mechanisms that enable them to successfully adapt to stressful situations and thus avoid developing a persistent psychopathology. Methods: The study involved 93 participants. Of them, 62 comprised a study group and 31 comprised a control group. The aim of the study was to assess serotonin, cortisol and tryptophan concentration levels in subjects with PTSD (stress-susceptible; PTSD-SS) and in healthy individuals (stress-resilient; PTSD-SR), who had experienced a traumatic event but fully recovered after the trauma. The subjects were between 18 and 50 years of age (mean 35.56 ± 8.26 years). The serum concentration levels of serotonin, cortisol and tryptophan were measured with an ELISA kit. Results: It was found that the serotonin, tryptophan and cortisol concentration levels were consistent with the features of both PTSD-SR and PTSD-SS patients. It was reported that the mean cortisol concentration levels increased more significantly in the PTSD-SS group than in the PTSD-SR group, versus those in the control group. Similarly, the PTSD-SS group was found to show a larger decrease in the mean serotonin concentration levels than the PTSD-SR group, versus those in the control group. No significant changes were found in the tryptophan concentration levels between the study groups, versus those in the control group. Conclusions: These findings can be useful when attempting to improve resilience in individuals using neuropharmacological methods. However, it is necessary to conduct more cross-sectional studies that would address different types of negative stress to find out whether they share common pathways.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Serum Concentration Levels of Serotonin, Tryptophan and Cortisol among Stress-Resilient and Stress-Susceptible Individuals after Experiencing Traumatic Stress

Ogłodek

2022

IJERPH

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“…However, despite the aforementioned clinical strategies and the interventions proposed, clear guidelines for the management of these side effects are still lacking [ 9 ]. Moreover, the large number of people taking ADs worldwide, the use of ADs for several psychiatric disorders [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], and the potential adverse impact on treatment compliance and long-term outcome calls for broadening the range of approaches to AISD treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on the Effect of Nutraceuticals on Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunctions: From Basic Principles to Clinical Applications

Concerto

Rodolico

Meo

et al. 2022

CIMB

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Sexual dysfunctions are common side effects reported by patients during antidepressant treatment. When they occur, patients often discontinue psychopharmacological therapy, with a negative impact on the underlying psychiatric disease. Recently, great attention has been paid to the use of nutraceuticals in the management of psychiatric disorders, although a systematic review on their effects as a treatment option for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunctions (AISD) is lacking. Here, we conducted a systematic search in the following databases: MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. We searched eligible studies among parallel or crossover randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adult populations. After this process, a total of 10 articles that evaluated the effect of six different nutraceuticals versus placebo were included: Maca Root, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), Rosa Damascena, Ginkgo Biloba, Saffron, and Yohimbine. Overall, a high dose of Maca Root and the use of SAMe or Saffron may improve AISD. Additionally, the administration of Rosa Damascena seemed to be more effective in men than in women, whereas no evidence of effects emerged for Gingko Biloba and Yohimbine. Given the mixed results still available, future RCTs should consider larger samples and confounding factors, such as depressive status and individual vulnerability.

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“…In contemporary guidelines for the pharmacological management of anxiety and related disorders, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are the recommended first-line treatments [19,20]. Though these groups of drugs are superior to placebos, their effectiveness is often modest [21][22][23], and only about 40-60% of patients show a clinically significant response to them in short-to medium-term clinical trials [24][25][26]. Moreover, around 16% of patients who are successfully treated with SSRIs or SNRIs develop a relapse of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive or posttraumatic stress symptoms when the drug is discontinued after a year of treatment [27], and treatment-emergent adverse effects often lead to non-adherence, particularly at higher doses of medication [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium and Its Compounds in the Treatment of Anxiety and Related Disorders: A Scoping Review of Translational and Clinical Research

Rajkumar

2022

Future Pharmacology

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Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders worldwide and often respond incompletely to existing treatments. Selenium, a micronutrient that is a component of several biologically active selenoproteins, is also involved in several aspects of brain functioning and may exert antidepressant and anxiolytic effects through multiple pathways. The current paper is a scoping review of translational, observational, and interventional evidence on the potential role of selenium and its compounds in the management of anxiety and related disorders. Evidence from animal models suggests that this approach may be promising. Though evidence from observational studies in humans is inconsistent and affected by several confounding factors, the available evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that selenium supplementation may be beneficial in the management of certain anxiety-related conditions, such as anxiety in medically ill patients, prevention of anxiety following exposure to traumatic stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This paper provides a critical evaluation of the existing evidence base, including unanswered questions that could serve as the focus of further research, and outlines the potential benefits and risks associated with the use of selenium in anxiety disorders.

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Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Cited by 41 publications

References 237 publications

Changes in the Serum Concentration Levels of Serotonin, Tryptophan and Cortisol among Stress-Resilient and Stress-Susceptible Individuals after Experiencing Traumatic Stress

Changes in the Serum Concentration Levels of Serotonin, Tryptophan and Cortisol among Stress-Resilient and Stress-Susceptible Individuals after Experiencing Traumatic Stress

A Systematic Review on the Effect of Nutraceuticals on Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunctions: From Basic Principles to Clinical Applications

Selenium and Its Compounds in the Treatment of Anxiety and Related Disorders: A Scoping Review of Translational and Clinical Research

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