Pharmacotherapy for Bordetella pertussis infection. I. A synthesis of laboratory sciences

Cimolai, Nevio

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106258

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…An accurate, simple, reproducible, and cost-effective method is needed for the clinical selection of antimicrobial agents and epidemiologic surveys. This and previous studies have reported high MICs of erythromycin (32 to >256 mg/L) for resistant strains (Yang et al, 2015;Korgenski and Daly, 1997), which differed markedly from the MICs for sensitive strains (≤ 0.5 mg/L) (Cimolai, 2021a). Such a sharp contrast between resistant and sensitive strains was also demonstrated by KB disk tests, which revealed two distinct result patterns in the present study: 6 mm (no inhibition zones around the disks) vs 43-54 mm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The widespread emergence of ER B. pertussis strains prompted the urgent necessity of finding an appropriate method for pertussis susceptibility testing. Without standardized methods and recommended breakpoints worldwide, most studies have used E -test strips to accurately determine the MICs of antimicrobials against B. pertussis ( Cimolai, 2021a ). An accurate, simple, reproducible, and cost-effective method is needed for the clinical selection of antimicrobial agents and epidemiologic surveys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Haemophilus influenzae ATCC49247 were used for quality control in the tests. According to previous studies, ES strains were defined as exhibiting a MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/L and/or an inhibition zone diameter ≥42 mm ( Li et al, 2019 ; Cimolai, 2021a ). The breakpoints of H. influenzae against SXT, ampicillin, and levofloxacin and the breakpoint of Escherichia coli against gentamycin recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute ( Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI], 2019 ) were utilized as references for determining susceptibility in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cross-Sectional Study Revealing the Emergence of Erythromycin-Resistant Bordetella pertussis Carrying ptxP3 Alleles in China

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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BackgroundPrevious limited studies have identified that Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) isolates circulating in China possess distinct molecular features and high rates of erythromycin-resistance (ER). Their evolution and potential impact on the prevention and control of global pertussis are worthy of attention.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study involved 311 non-duplicate and unrelated B. pertussis strains isolated from Chinese children from 2017 to 2019. Their antimicrobial susceptibilities were assessed using both E-test strips and Kirby-Bauer (KB) disk diffusion methods. Seven virulence-related genes (ptxA, ptxC, ptxP, prn, fim2, fim3, and tcfA2) and the A2047G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene were detected by PCR. Based on the susceptibilities and genotypes, 50 isolates were selected for multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) typing and whole-genome sequencing.ResultsA total of 311 B. pertussis strains were isolated from children with a median age of 4 months (interquartile range: 2–9 months). Strains carrying the ptxP1 allele were more frequent (84.9%, 264/311), were always ER (except for one strain), and were mainly related to ptxA1/ptxC1/prn1 alleles (99.6%, 263/264). The remaining 47 (15.1%) strains carried the ptxP3 allele, mainly harboring the ptxA1/ptxC2/prn2 alleles (93.6%, 44/47), and were sensitive to erythromycin (except for two strains). The two ER-ptxP3 isolates were first identified in China, belonged to MT27 and MT28 according to MLVA, and were classified into sub-lineage IVd by phylogenetic analysis of their genome sequences. This sub-lineage also includes many strains carrying the ptxP3 allele spreading in developed countries. For each tested antimicrobial, the susceptibilities judged by KB disks were consistent with those determined by E-test strips.ConclusionThe present results reveal that B. pertussis strains with the ptxP1-ER profile still dominate in China, and a few strains carrying the ptxP3 allele have acquired the A2047G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene and the ER phenotype. The surveillance of the drug susceptibility of B. pertussis is necessary for all countries, and the KB disk method can be adopted as a screening test.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cross-Sectional Study Revealing the Emergence of Erythromycin-Resistant Bordetella pertussis Carrying ptxP3 Alleles in China

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Longer incubation leads mostly to an increase in the zone diameter [ 59 ]. In general, DD tests are no longer that widely used, and there has been criticism over the reliability of this testing method as the results are not reproducible, have low sensitivity and do not correlate with good clinical outcomes [ 8 , 38 , 62 ].…”

Section: Methods To Detect Macrolide Resistant B Pertussismentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrolide Resistance in Bordetella pertussis: Current Situation and Future Challenges

et al. 2022

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Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis bacterium. The mainstay of treatment is macrolide antibiotics that reduce transmissibility, shorten the duration of symptoms and decrease mortality in infants. Recently, the macrolide resistance of B. pertussis has been reported globally but is especially widespread in mainland China. In this review, we aim to summarise the current understanding of the epidemiology, resistance mechanisms and clinical implications of B. pertussis macrolide resistance. Since the first appearance of macrolide-resistant B. pertussis in Arizona, USA, in 1994, only sporadic cases have been reported outside China. In certain parts of China, on the other hand, up to 70–100% of the recent clinical isolates have been found to be macrolide resistant. Reasons for macrolide resistance being centred upon China during the last decade can only be speculated on, but the dominant B. pertussis lineage is different between China and most of the high-income countries. It seems evident that efforts to increase awareness, guide molecular epidemiological surveillance and carry out systematic screening of B. pertussis positive samples for macrolide resistance should be implemented globally. In addition, practices to improve the clinical care of infants with pertussis caused by resistant strains should be studied vigorously.

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Non-primate animal models for pertussis: back to the drawing board?

Cimolai

2022

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Despite considerable progress in the understanding of clinical pertussis, the contemporary emergence of antimicrobial resistance for Bordetella pertussis and an evolution of concerns with acellular component vaccination have both sparked a renewed interest. Although simian models of infection best correlate with the observed attributes of human infection, several animal models have been used for decades and have positively contributed in many ways to the related science. Nevertheless, there is yet the lack of a reliable small animal model system that mimics the combination of infection genesis, variable upper and lower respiratory infection, systemic effects, infection resolution, and vaccine responses. This narrative review examines the history and attributes of non-primate animal models for pertussis and places context with the current use and needs. Emerging from the latter is the necessity for further such study to better create the optimal model of infection and vaccination with use of current molecular tools and a broader range of animal systems. Key points • Currently used and past non-primate animal models of B. pertussis infection often have unique and focused applications. • A non-primate animal model that consistently mimics human pertussis for the majority of key infection characteristics is lacking. • There remains ample opportunity for an improved non-primate animal model of pertussis with the use of current molecular biology tools and with further exploration of species not previously considered. Graphical abstract

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Pharmacotherapy for Bordetella pertussis infection. I. A synthesis of laboratory sciences

Cited by 3 publications

References 124 publications

A Cross-Sectional Study Revealing the Emergence of Erythromycin-Resistant Bordetella pertussis Carrying ptxP3 Alleles in China

A Cross-Sectional Study Revealing the Emergence of Erythromycin-Resistant Bordetella pertussis Carrying ptxP3 Alleles in China

Macrolide Resistance in Bordetella pertussis: Current Situation and Future Challenges

Non-primate animal models for pertussis: back to the drawing board?

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