Pharmacology

Bortolozzi, Anala; Daz-Mataix, Lloren; Artigas, Francesc

doi:10.1002/9783527619337.ch8

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Although excessive striatal dopamine has been consistently implicated in schizophrenia (Abi-Dargham et al , 1998, Bortolozzi et al , 2007, Breier et al , 1997, Laruelle et al , 1996) and modelling and experimental work has suggested that striatal dopamine levels are related to differences in learning from positive and negative feedback (Cools et al , 2006, Cools et al , 2009, Djamshidian et al , 2010, Frank et al , 2007, Frank et al , 2004, Pessiglione et al , 2006, Rutledge et al , 2009, Voon et al , 2010, Waltz et al , 2007), we did not find strong differences between patients and controls in this aspect of the task. In the study of Waltz et al, (Waltz et al , 2007) patients slightly outperformed controls in initial acquisition of the most difficult 60/40 split, which used reward contingencies equivalent to ours.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Patients with schizophrenia show increased aversion to angry faces in an associative learning task

et al. 2010

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Background We were interested in examining the relationship between socially-relevant stimuli and decision processes in patients with schizophrenia. Methods We tested patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls on a stochastically-rewarded associative learning task. Participants had to determine through trial and error which of two faces was associated with a higher chance of reward. One face was angry, the other happy. Results Both patients and healthy controls were able to do the task at above-chance accuracy, and there was no significant difference in overall accuracy between groups. Both groups also reliably preferred the happy face, such that they selected it more often than the angry face on the basis of the same amount of positive vs. negative feedback. Interestingly, however, patients were significantly more averse to the angry face, such that they chose it less often than control participants when the reward feedback strongly supported the angry face as the best choice. Conclusions Patients show an increased aversion to angry faces, in a task in which they must learn to associate rewards with expressions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Patients with schizophrenia show increased aversion to angry faces in an associative learning task

et al. 2010

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“…[58] Antipsychotics and antischizophrenia pharmaceuticals Antipsychotic and antischizophrenia pharmaceuticals are used in the treatment of disorders such as schizophrenia, mania and delusional disorder. [59] The antipsychotic and antischizophrenia compounds are classified as 'typical' (or classic) or 'atypical' based on their main mechanism of action and the manifestation of side-effects associated with their pharmacological actions. [60] Typical antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine, maintain a precise pharmacological mechanism of action as potent dopamine D2 receptor (D2R protein) antagonists [60] (Table 8).…”

Section: Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater treatment plants: a review

Asimakopoulos

Kannan

2016

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewaters are of increasing environmental concern. We compile the recent literature and evaluate the concentrations and profiles of various drugs and their removal efficiencies in wastewater treatment plants. The sewage epidemiology approach, used in the estimation of drug usage in communities, is discussed, and we make recommendations for future research in this area.Abstract. Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs encompass a broad range of compounds including opioids, amphetamine-type stimulants, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antipsychotics, anaesthetics, anti-epileptics and mood stabilisers, lysergic compounds, sympathomimetic amines and cocaine derivatives. In this article, we review studies on the occurrence and fate of these drugs in wastewater treatment plants. In general, among various drugs studied, the concentrations and detection frequencies of opioids and cocaine derivatives were the highest in wastewaters. The forensic analysis of wastewaters suggests that cocaine and opioids usage has increased. Given the fact that data on drug usage can be used for making regulatory decisions and policies, this review focuses on understanding the sources and environmental dynamics of neuropsychiatric and illicit drugs. There is a pressing need for more research on the magnitude and extent of illicit drug consumption. The 'sewage epidemiology' approach, currently applied in the estimation of illicit drug consumption in communities, is reviewed. The field of wastewater research has been advancing in multipronged paths, incorporating concepts in analytical chemistry, organic chemistry, environmental chemistry, biochemistry, sewage engineering, drug epidemiology and statistics. Future prospects with regard to the occurrence and environmental fate of illicit and psychoactive drugs are recommended.

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Pharmacology

Cited by 2 publications

References 226 publications

Patients with schizophrenia show increased aversion to angry faces in an associative learning task

Patients with schizophrenia show increased aversion to angry faces in an associative learning task

Neuropsychiatric pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater treatment plants: a review

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