Pharmacology of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog exenatide extended-release in healthy cats

Effect of the Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 Analogue Exenatide Extended Release in Cats with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus

“…An investigation of type 2 diabetic humans receiving insulin glargine and short‐acting exenatide or placebo showed that the incidence of hypoglycemic episodes was similar in both groups . In healthy cats treated with exenatide ER, hypoglycemia was observed, whereas clinical evidence of hypoglycemia did not occur . Similarly, in the present study hypoglycemia was a common finding, but there was no difference between the 2 groups.…”

“…Of note, injection site irritation as well as nodular, eosinophil‐rich, granulomatous panniculitis at the injection site of exenatide has been described in humans . To date, dermatologic irritation has not been reported in cats . Skin nodules that were identified in 1 of our diabetic cats were likely unrelated to exenatide ER injections.…”

“…The DPP‐4 inhibitors were shown to decrease plasma glucagon concentration and to enhance insulin secretion in cats . Administration of exenatide, exenatide ER, or liraglutide caused glucose‐dependent insulin secretion, and a decrease in body weight occurred after the administration of exenatide and liraglutide in cats . A recent comparison of incretin‐based treatments in cats showed that exenatide and exenatide ER had more pronounced effects on insulin secretion than sitagliptin .…”

“…9,10 Administration of exenatide, exenatide ER, or liraglutide caused glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and a decrease in body weight occurred after the administration of exenatide and liraglutide in cats. [11][12][13][14] A recent comparison of incretin-based treatments in cats showed that exenatide and exenatide ER had more pronounced effects on insulin secretion than sitagliptin. 15 Furthermore, exenatide ER was considered a better option than exenatide or sitagliptin because it is administered only once weekly and has fewer adverse effects.…”

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in healthy cats

“…It is also possible that an effect on fasting blood glucose would be observed if liraglutide is used in diabetic cats. In another study, on exenatide-extended release, we performed after this study, increased exenatide concentrations were maintained for many weeks and fasting blood glucose decreased significantly [31]. Liraglutide is packaged in a prefilled injection pen, and the dose administered to the cats in this pilot study was chosen as the lowest deliverable dose (0.6 mg/dose) for the pen to facilitate accurate dosing.…”