Pharmacology of solanine

Solanaceae Juss.

“…The GAs are poorly absorbed from the digestive tract and are much more toxic when given by injection (Nishie et al 1971). The kinetics of GA disposition have been studied in humans, based upon oral ingestion of mashed potatoes containing GA concentrations equivalent to 1 mg/kg b.w., with a ratio of 4:6 α-solanine to α-chaconine (Hellenas et al 1992).…”

“…The GAs of Solanum produce a variety of effects in addition to those on the digestive system, including cardenolide-like effects on cardiac activity and rhythm; retinal hemorrhage; and liver damage and neurotoxicosis (Nishie et al 1971;Dalvi 1985;Baker et al 1991;Caldwell et al 1991). Slight to moderate inhibition of human plasma acetylcholinesterase activity is apparent with the crude GAs, in some instances about 20 times less than inhibition with neostigmine (Orgell 1963).…”

Potatoes, Tomatoes, and Solanine Toxicity ( Solanum tuberosum L., Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…26 In a study of seven healthy volunteers, the ingestion of mashed potatoes containing glycoalkaloid concentrations of 1 mg/kg ( α -solanine: α -chaconine ratio = 41 : 59) produced peak serum α -solanine and α -chaconine concentrations at approximately 5 ± 1 hours and 6 ± 1 hours, respectively. 26 In a study of seven healthy volunteers, the ingestion of mashed potatoes containing glycoalkaloid concentrations of 1 mg/kg ( α -solanine: α -chaconine ratio = 41 : 59) produced peak serum α -solanine and α -chaconine concentrations at approximately 5 ± 1 hours and 6 ± 1 hours, respectively.…”

Estudo dos possíveis efeitos tóxicos da exposição à Solanum lycocarpum em ratos adultos e em sua prole.

“…Em medicina popular, atribui-se a esta planta propriedades terapêuticas (CRUZ, 1985;LORENZI, 1991;DALL´AGNOL e VON POSER, 2000 porém após a ingestão sofrem hidrólise no trato gastrointestinal, dando origem a "alcaminas" que são absorvidas e produzem efeitos tóxicos (NISHIE et al, 1971;BRUNETON, 2001). …”

“…Há vários relatos a respeito de intoxicações provocadas pela presença de glicoalcalóides como a solanina em batatas (principalmente nas partes aéreas, tubérculos verdes, germinados ou apodrecidos), causando no homem e em animais sintomatologia que envolve distúrbios gastrointestinais (necrose gástrica e intestinal), desordens de natureza neurológica como esturpor, depressão do Sistema Nervoso Central e morte por parada respiratória (NISHIE et al;1971, MATOS, 1989BRUNETON, 2001). …”