Pharmacology of Arterial Grafts for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Yıldız, Oğuzhan; Seyrek, Melik; Gül, Hüsamettin

doi:10.5772/54723

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…2009 ; Yildiz et al. 2013 ) due to the outward flow of the potassium, thus inducing the closing of the calcium channels and leading to vasorelaxation. The activation of the potassium channels that occur in the endothelium could be attributed to the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) (Luksha et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasorelaxant properties of Vernonia amygdalina ethanol extract and its possible mechanism

Ch’ng

Loh

Tan

et al. 2017

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context:Vernonia amygdalina Del. (VA) (Asteraceae) is commonly used to treat hypertension in Malaysia.Objective: This study investigates the vasorelaxant mechanism of VA ethanol extract (VAE) and analyzes its tri-step FTIR spectroscopy fingerprint.Materials and methods: Dried VA leaves were extracted with ethanol through maceration and concentrated using rotary evaporator before freeze-dried. The vasorelaxant activity and the underlying mechanisms of VAE using the cumulative concentration (0.01–2.55 mg/mL at 20-min intervals) were evaluated on aortic rings isolated from Sprague Dawley rats in the presence of antagonists.Results: The tri-step FTIR spectroscopy showed that VAE contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. VAE caused the relaxation of pre-contracted aortic rings in the presence and absence of endothelium with EC50 of 0.057 ± 0.006 and 0.430 ± 0.196 mg/mL, respectively. In the presence of Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (EC50 0.971 ± 0.459 mg/mL), methylene blue (EC50 1.203 ± 0.426 mg/mL), indomethacin (EC50 2.128 ± 1.218 mg/mL), atropine (EC50 0.470 ± 0.325 mg/mL), and propranolol (EC50 0.314 ± 0.032 mg/mL), relaxation stimulated by VAE was significantly reduced. VAE acted on potassium channels, with its vasorelaxation effects significantly reduced by tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine, barium chloride, and glibenclamide (EC50 0.548 ± 0.184, 0.158 ± 0.012, 0.847 ± 0.342, and 0.304 ± 0.075 mg/mL, respectively). VAE was also found to be active in reducing Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and blocking calcium channels.Conclusions: The vasorelaxation effect of VAE involves upregulation of NO/cGMP and PGI2 signalling pathways, and modulation of calcium/potassium channels, and muscarinic and β2-adrenergic receptor levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasorelaxant properties of Vernonia amygdalina ethanol extract and its possible mechanism

Ch’ng

Loh

Tan

et al. 2017

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…The ex situ organ-bath technique is commonly used to determine vasomotor function of isolated blood vessels (23)(24)(25). In the present work, first and second divisions of the renal artery were dissected and cut into 3-mm-long rings.…”

Section: Ex Situ Vascular Function Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Analysis of Nonoxygenated Hypothermic Machine Perfusion’s Protection on Warm Ischemic Kidney Uncovers Greater eNOS Phosphorylation and Vasodilation

Chatauret

Coudroy

Delpech

et al. 2014

American Journal of Transplantation

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Protection of endothelial cell function may explain the benefits of nonoxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion (MP) for marginal kidney preservation. However, this hypothesis remains to be tested with a preclinical model. We postulated that MP protects the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, altered by static cold storage (CS), and improves renal circulation recovery compared to CS. The endothelium releases the vasodilator NO in response to flow via either increased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression (KLF2-dependent) or activation of eNOS by phosphorylation (via Akt, PKA or AMPK). Using a porcine model of kidney transplantation, including 1 h of warm ischemia and preserved 24 h by CS or MP (n ¼ 5), we reported that MP did not alter the cortical levels of KLF2 and eNOS at the end of preservation, but significantly increased eNOS activating phosphorylation compared to CS. eNOS phosphorylation appeared AMPK-dependent and was concomitant to an increased NO-dependent vasodilation of renal arteries measured, ex situ, at the end of preservation. In vivo, laser Doppler showed that cortical microcirculation was improved at reperfusion in MP kidneys. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time, in a large-animal model, that MP protects the NO signaling pathway, confirming the value of MP for marginal kidney preservation.Abbreviations: Akt, protein kinase B; AMPKa, 5 0 -adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CS, cold storage; CTL, control; DCD, donation after circulatory death; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; KLF2, Kruppel-like factor 2; L19, ribosomal protein L19; L-NAME, NGnitro-L-arginine methyl ester; MP, machine perfusion; MPS, machine perfusion solution; NO, nitric oxide; PKA, protein kinase A; RPLPO, ribosomal phosphoprotein large P0 subunit; RT-qPCR, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SEM, standard error of the mean; UW, University of Wisconsin; WI-60, 1 h warm ischemia

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“…14 Endothelin and Thromboxane A2 are potent vasoconstrictors of the IMA and both have been found to be elevated during cardiopulmonary bypass, and have been incriminated in peri-operative IMA spasm. 15 Other realistic modes of graft failure are harvest related conduit trauma, preexisting vascular pathology and competitive flow mediated string sign.…”

Section: Anaortic Graftingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaortic total arterial OPCAB – Panacea to all ills?

Yadava

2015

Indian Heart Journal

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Pharmacology of Arterial Grafts for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Cited by 15 publications

References 129 publications

Vasorelaxant properties of Vernonia amygdalina ethanol extract and its possible mechanism

Vasorelaxant properties of Vernonia amygdalina ethanol extract and its possible mechanism

Mechanistic Analysis of Nonoxygenated Hypothermic Machine Perfusion’s Protection on Warm Ischemic Kidney Uncovers Greater eNOS Phosphorylation and Vasodilation

Anaortic total arterial OPCAB – Panacea to all ills?

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