Pharmacology and safety of phenylpropanolamine

Johnson, David A.

doi:10.1002/ddr.430220302

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The best result in this series, with regard to overall yield as well as to the fraction of nitroalcohol 2 and nitro nitrate 3 convertible to pharmaceutically important amino alcohols, was obtained using α‐methylstyrene ( 1 b ; entry 3). The β‐substituted styrenes 1 c and 1 d were included as substrates because their nitrohydroxylation products 2 c / 3 c and 2 d / 3 d offer a direct access to derivatives of norephedrine35 and the antibiotic chloramphenicol 36. Nitroalcohols and ‐nitrates structurally comparable to 2 b and 3 b may be used for the preparation of inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) or estrogen receptor β agonists 37…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Nitration of Styrenes for the Recycling of Low‐Concentrated Nitrogen Dioxide in Air

2015

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The oxidative nitration of styrenes in ethyl acetate represents a metal-free, environmentally friendly, and sustainable technique to recover even low concentrations of NO2 in air. Favorable features are that the product mixture comprising nitroalcohols, nitroketones, and nitro nitrates simplifies at lower concentrations of NO2 . Experiments in a miniplant-type 10 L wet scrubber demonstrated that the recycling technique is well applicable on larger scales at which initial NO2 concentrations of >10 000 ppm were reliably reduced to less than 40 ppm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Nitration of Styrenes for the Recycling of Low‐Concentrated Nitrogen Dioxide in Air

2015

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“…Phenylpropanolamine, also known as norephedrine, is a synthetic sympathomimetic amine commonly found in over-the-counter appetite suppressants, common cold and cough remedies, as well as nasal decongestants (107). While the association between PH and appetite suppressants such as aminorex was well recognized, the association with other anorexigens was less clear by the early 2000s (21,23).…”

Section: Phenylpropanolaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Drug- and toxin-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: Current state of the literature

Ramírez

Thomas

Anderson

et al. 2020

gcsp

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Drug- and toxin-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an increasingly important sub-group of group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH). In the last 60 years, we have seen the rise and fall of numerous prescription and illicit agents that have caused severe and deadly outbreaks of PAH. Currently, drugs and toxins are classified into “possible” and “definite” risk factors for PAH. While the exact mechanisms and pathogenesis of drug- and toxin-induced PAH are currently unknown, novel clinical and basic science studies are beginning to unravel the biologic factors and genetic underpinnings responsible for disease development. The clinical management of affected patients can be challenging as it is often difficult to identify patients early and demonstrate causality between drugs and PAH. Given the recent trends in drug utilization and development, it is highly likely that we will continue to identify new agents capable of causing pulmonary vascular disease. We must keep a high index of suspicion in order to identify patients and new compounds deemed definite or likely risk factors for PAH. Practicing pharmacovigilance, raising awareness, and working in tandem with PH patient associations and drug regulatory agencies may ultimately be our most effective strategy in preventing the next deadly outbreak of drug- and toxin-induced PAH.

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“…This drug is commonly given to relieve nasal blockage in viral infections of the upper respiratory tract or allergic rhinitis and in most countries it is available over-the-counter. The action of PPA may be mediated directly by activation of postjunctional adrenoreceptors, indirectly by affecting the release and/or re-uptake of noradrenalin or by a combination of both mechanisms (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sustained-release Oral Phenylpropanolamine on the Nasal Mucosa of Healthy Subjects

Gräf

Toll²,

Palm³

et al. 1999

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is widely used as a nasal decongestant administered orally in sustained release preparations and, in Sweden, the recommended dose nowadays is 50 mg twice daily for adults. The aim of this placebo-controlled, cross-over study was to determine the onset and duration of the decongestive effect of 50 and 100 mg PPA in 15 healthy subjects. All subjects arrived at the laboratory at 07.30 h. After an acclimatisation, the nasal mucosal baseline was established with rhinostereometry and the minimal cross-sectional area was measured using acoustic rhinometry. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also determined. Then all subjects were given their study drugs for the day and the measurements were repeated every hour for 8 h. This procedure was repeated for 3 days at 48 h intervals between the days. For purposes of comparison, the decongestive effect of oxymetazoline nasal spray was studied on a separate day. The decongestive effect of 100 mg PPA was similar to that of topical oxymetazoline. It develops after 1 h and lasts for approximately 6 h. The decongestive effect of oxymetazoline was significantly greater than that of 50 mg PPA and that of 100 mg PPA was significantly greater than that of 50 mg PPA using rhinostereometry, but not when using acoustic rhinometry. However, 50 mg PPA had no significant decongestive effect, compared with placebo, with rhinostereometry or acoustic rhinometry. In the first 3 h after administration of PPA, there was a dose-response increase in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, which then returned to baseline. In conclusion, this study shows that PPA in double the recommended dose, i.e. 100 mg, has a significant decongestive effect on the nasal mucosa in healthy subjects. However, when the dose of PPA is increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressures also increase.

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Pharmacology and safety of phenylpropanolamine

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Oxidative Nitration of Styrenes for the Recycling of Low‐Concentrated Nitrogen Dioxide in Air

Oxidative Nitration of Styrenes for the Recycling of Low‐Concentrated Nitrogen Dioxide in Air

Drug- and toxin-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: Current state of the literature

Effects of Sustained-release Oral Phenylpropanolamine on the Nasal Mucosa of Healthy Subjects

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