Pharmacologically Manipulating Learning and Memory

Fortress, Ashley M.; Frick, Karyn M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2159-1_7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the key difference between these two tasks involves the nature of the memory expressed during testing: “what” the object is in object recognition versus “where” the object is in object placement. As described in more detail elsewhere [69, 74, 76], these tasks are advantageous to study the molecular mechanisms underlying memory consolidation because they involve one-trial learning and rapid consolidation (within 3 hours). They also use the same general procedure and apparatus to test multiple types of hippocampal memory and do not require potentially confounding motivational stimuli (e.g., aversive or appetitive) to encourage exploratory behavior.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Through Which E2 Regulates Memory Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogenic regulation of memory consolidation: A look beyond the hippocampus, ovaries, and females

Frick

Tuscher

Koss

et al. 2018

Physiology & Behavior

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The potent estrogen 17β-estradiol (E) has long been known to regulate the hippocampus and hippocampal-dependent memories in females, and research from the past decade has begun to shed light on the molecular mechanisms through which E mediates memory formation in females. Although E can also regulate hippocampal function in males, relatively little is known about how E influences memory formation in males, or whether sex differences in underlying mechanisms exist. This review, based on a talk given in April 2017 at the American University symposium entitled, "Sex Differences: From Neuroscience to the Clinic and Beyond", first provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms in the dorsal hippocampus through which E enhances memory consolidation in ovariectomized female mice. Next, newer research is described demonstrating key roles for the prefrontal cortex and de novo hippocampal E synthesis to the memory-enhancing effects of E in females. The review then discusses the effects of de novo and exogenous E on hippocampal memory consolidation in both sexes, and putative sex differences in the underlying molecular mechanisms through which E enhances memory formation. The review concludes by discussing the importance and implications of sex differences in the molecular mechanisms underlying E-induced memory consolidation for human health.

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Section: Molecular Mechanisms Through Which E2 Regulates Memory Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogenic regulation of memory consolidation: A look beyond the hippocampus, ovaries, and females

Frick

Tuscher

Koss

et al. 2018

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Each bar represents the mean ± SEM. A and B adapted from Fortress and Frick (). C and D adapted from Frick and Gresack () with permission.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Hippocampus‐dependent Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in hippocampal function

Koss

Frick

2016

J of Neuroscience Research

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Sex differences in the function of the hippocampus have been observed in numerous mammalian species. However, the magnitude, extent, and specificity of these differences are unclear because they can depend on factors including age, methodology, and environment. This Review will discuss seminal studies examining sex differences in hippocampal memory, neuronal morphology, synaptic plasticity, and cell signaling in humans and rodents. We also describe possible organizational and activational effects of sex steroid hormones during early development, puberty, and adulthood that may lead to sex differences observed in the hippocampus. We conclude by discussing the implications of sex differences in hippocampal function for mental health. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: hippocampus; memory; puberty; adolescence; dendritic spines; plasticity; cell signaling Few scientific topics have garnered as much recent attention in both popular and scientific culture as sex differences. Books from the popular press and media reports about new scientific findings or gender inequalities in the workplace have sparked a national conversation about the extent to which men and women differ and whether these differences matter for education, employment, and opportunity. In the wake of high-profile cases in which men and women exhibited different reactions to drugs prescribed to relieve sleep disturbances, allergy symptoms, and gastrointestinal distress (Rabin, 2013), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has dramatically altered its guidelines for grant proposals, now requiring investigators to consider "sex as a biological variable" in their applications (Clayton, 2016). This new dictum for scientists is a long-overdue response to the fact that very few biomedical research studies have historically included female subjects, and even fewer have directly compared effects between males and females. As stated by the NIH's Office of Women's Health, the policy is designed to "expand our currently incomplete knowledge base that plays a critical role in informing the development of sex-and gender-appropriate medical care for women and men" (Clayton, 2016). We applaud the effort driving this policy and recognize that a key element necessary for its success is a more widespread dissemination of information to biomedical scientists about sex differences, or lack thereof, in the brain and behavior. As such, special issues such as this one and others (McCarthy, 2016) should greatly aid in providing a scientific foundation for investigators new to sex-differences research.Sex differences in cognitive function among humans and nonhuman animals have been reported in earnest for well over 2 decades (Williams et al

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