Pharmacological Vasoconstrictor Activity of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Blaso, William P.; Boullin, D. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9269-3_34

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The first drug delivery formulation employing a local anesthetic (benzocaine) for topical use appeared in 1940 [60] and, up to the 70's, benzocaine was the only LA mentioned in patents [61][62][63]. From the 80's on, a myriad of other technologies have been proposed, comprising gels/ hydrogels, water-in-oil emulsions, modified polymers, micelles, solid patches, etc.…”

Section: Transdermal Non-liposomal Topical Formulations For Local Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of long lasting LA formulations has been investigated worldwide for decades: the first patent on a drug delivery system for LA was focused in topical application [60] as well as the majority of the existent technologies Table 3 [56,58,[122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142], regarding these compounds. The first liposome-based formulation was patented in 1987 Table 1 while cyclodextrins and polymerbased formulations appeared after 1995 Table 4 and 2001 Table 5, respectively.…”

Section: Current and Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug Delivery Systems for Local Anesthetics

Paula¹,

Cereda²,

Tófoli³

et al. 2010

DDF

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Although technological innovations in the area of drug delivery claim for varied benefits, increasing the drug therapeutic index for human clinical application is the main goal pursued. Drug delivery systems for local anesthetics (LA) have attracted researchers due to many biomedical advantages associated to their application. Formulation approaches to systemically deliver LA include the encapsulation in liposomes, complexation in cyclodextrins, association with biopolymers and others carrier systems. Topical delivery systems for LA are characteristically composed by a diversity of adjuvants (viscosity inducing agents, preservatives, permeation enhancers, emollients,) and presentations such as semisolid (gel, creams, ointments), liquid (o/w and w/o emulsions, dispersions) and solid (patches) pharmaceutical forms. The proposed formulations aims to reduce the LA concentration used, increase its permeability and absorption, keep the LA at the target site for longer periods prolonging the anesthetic or analgesic effect and, finally, to decrease the clearance, local and systemic toxicity. This review deals with the innovations pertaining to formulations and techniques for drug-delivery of topical and injectable local anesthetics, as described in recent patents.

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Section: Transdermal Non-liposomal Topical Formulations For Local Anmentioning

confidence: 99%