Pharmacological treatments for ADHD

Parker, Caroline

doi:10.1002/pnp.289

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(25 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…24 Some studies have shown that response rates and symptom improvement seen with atomoxetine are similar to those associated with psychostimulants, 20,25 though some show a lesser effect. 20 Treatments should be titrated upwards according to individual needs until no further improvement is noted and side-effects are tolerable.…”

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Rash and pruritis may warrant discontinuation if severe and do not settle. 24 Patients are not always aware that psychiatric sideeffects may be medication related. 18 Symptoms of psychosis, mania, panic attacks and violent behaviour should be reported urgently with a view to dose reduction or cessation.…”

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Managing side-effects Methylphenidate and atomoxetine are generally well tolerated. 24 Lack of weight gain and growth should lead to medication review. Reduced weight gain may be managed by providing higher calorie meals during breakfast and dinner whilst stimulant effect is low.…”

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atomoxetine should be discontinued following any evidence of liver injury. 24 Long-term outcome ADHD is a chronic disorder, increasingly being recognised as a lifelong condition which starts in childhood but may continue in adolescence and into adulthood. It is globally recognised as a serious medical condition, as evidenced by a rise in published research into ADHD long-term outcomes signalling an increase in global interest and recognition of consequences and impairment associated with ADHD.…”

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tertiary services may use alternatives such as clonidine, imipramine, bupropion and modafinil. 24 Atomoxetine is metabolised by CYP2D6, therefore poor metabolisers should be prescribed a lower dose.…”

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Said¹,

Huzair²,

Helal³

et al. 2015

Prog. Neurol. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A ttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood mental health disorder. There seems to be wide range in the prevalence of the condition throughout the world. Epidemiology of ADHD across the lifespan is also variable and heterogeneous. In the UK, a survey of 10 438 children between the ages of five and 15 years found that 3.62% of boys and 0.85% of girls had ADHD. 1 This sur vey was founded on careful assessment and included impairment in the diagnosis.The more restricted diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorder (HD) in ICD-10, representing a severe subgroup of DSM-IV-TR combined-type ADHD, is naturally less common; prevalence estimates are around 1.5% for boys in the primary school years. 2 In the international studies prevalence estimates of ADHD vary widely and the reasons for which remain poorly understood. In 2007 Polanczyk and colleagues 3 undertook a systemic review of prevalence studies from January 1978 to December 2005 and reviewed textbooks and reference lists of the studies selected. The ADHD/HD worldwide-pooled prevalence was 5.29%. This estimate was associated with significant variability. In the multivariate metaregression model, diagnostic criteria, source of information, requirement of impairment for diagnosis, and geographic origin of the studies were significantly associated with ADHD/HD prevalence rates. Geographic location was associated with significant variability only between estimates from North America and both Africa and the Middle East. No significant differences were found between Europe and North America. The authors also commented that the source of information and assessment of clinical impairment could influence the prevalence rates. They concluded that population characteristics, methodology features, ethnic and cultural differences and diagnostic criteria involved in studies affect the prevalence of ADHD.Another systemic review by found wide variation in the prevalence of ADHD among different studies, ranging from 2.2 to 17.8%. 4 The BELLA study group's estimated prevalence rates for the diagnoses of ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria were 5.0% and the rate for HD according to ICD-10 criteria was 1.0%. 5 Higher prevalence rates were found in boys and in younger children. The lifetime administrative prevalence rate was 6.5%.In a study to determine prevalence of ADHD in Colombian Paisa children and adolescents the prevalence rates were estimated to be 19.8% and 12.3% for boys and girls, respectively. 6 Estimated prevalence of undiagnosed ADHD within substance use disorder inpatients in South London was around 12%. Those individuals with substance use disorders and ADHD had significantly higher self-rated impairments across several domains of daily life; and higher rates of substance abuse and alcohol consumption, suicide attempts, and depression recorded in their case records. It is also evident that the disorder persists into adulthood in two-thirds of cases. The best available estimate of ADHD prevalence is 4.4% in adulthood. 7 Diagnosis Attention Deficit Hypera...

show abstract

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Said¹,

Huzair²,

Helal³

et al. 2015

Prog. Neurol. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Fed and Fasted Administration of a Novel Extended‐Release Methylphenidate Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulation for the Treatment of ADHD

Weisler

Stark

Sikes

2017

Clinical Pharm in Drug Dev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extended-release methylphenidate is a first-line treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A methylphenidate extended-release orally disintegrating tablet (MPH XR-ODT) has recently been developed. Here we report an open-label, randomized, 2-period, 2-treatment crossover study to determine the effect of food on the bioavailability of a single 60-mg dose of MPH XR-ODT in healthy adults. Blood samples were collected predose through 36 hours postdose. Maximum plasma concentration (C ), time to maximum plasma concentration (T ), terminal elimination half-life (T ), overall systemic exposure (AUC and AUC ), and partial areas under the concentration curve (AUC , AUC , and AUC ) were calculated. In total, 48 participants completed the study. For total methylphenidate from MPH XR-ODT, the lower limit of the 90% confidence interval (CI) around the geometric mean ratio (GMR, fed/fasted) for C was below 80%, indicating a slightly decreased rate of absorption with food, whereas the 90%CIs around the GMRs of AUC and AUC were within the 80%-125% limits, suggesting no food effect on exposure. The most common adverse events (AEs) were palpitations and decreased appetite. No serious, unusual, or unexpected AEs were reported. Thus, food had no substantial effect on overall bioavailability of MPH XR-ODT, which may be an important factor for some patients.

show abstract

Impact of a High-Fat Meal and Sprinkled Administration on the Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Viloxazine Extended-Release Capsules (QelbreeTM) in Healthy Adult Subjects

Wang

Kosheleff

Adeojo

et al. 2021

Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Objectives Viloxazine extended-release (viloxazine ER) capsules (Qelbree TM ) is a novel nonstimulant recently approved as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Here, we determined whether the pharmacokinetics of viloxazine are impacted by consuming the capsule contents sprinkled on applesauce rather than an intact capsule, and the effect of a high-fat meal on the pharmacokinetics of viloxazine ER. Methods This was a randomized, open-label, crossover, three-treatment, three-period study in healthy adults using orally administered single-dose viloxazine ER 200 mg capsules. Subjects consumed: (1) an intact capsule after a 10-h fast (control condition); (2) the capsule contents sprinkled on one tablespoon of applesauce; and (3) an intact capsule with a standard highfat meal. Blood samples were collected for 48 h post-dosing. Relative bioavailability analyses were performed to assess the impact of each test condition against the control condition (intact capsule, fasting). The absence of an impact was indicated if the 90% confidence interval (CI) for the least-squares geometric mean ratio (LSGMR) of maximal concentration (C max ), the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration time (AUC last ), and the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC inf ) were within the predetermined no-difference limits of 80-125%. Results Out of 27 enrolled subjects, 25 were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis. The LSGMR (90% CI) for viloxazine ER sprinkled vs. intact were 90. 10% (83.35-97.40) for C max , 93.71% (89.09-98.57) for AUC last , and 95.37% (89.80-101.28) for AUC inf . The LSGMR (90% CI) for viloxazine ER consumed in the fed state vs. fasting state were 90.86% (84.05-98.21) for C max , 89. 68% (85.26-94.33) for AUC last , and 92.35% (86.96-98.07) for AUC inf . The 90% CIs of the LSGMRs were within the predetermined no-difference limits of 80-125%. Viloxazine ER was well tolerated, with most adverse events reported as mild. Conclusions These data suggest that viloxazine ER can be consumed sprinkled on applesauce or as intact capsules with or without meals without significantly changing its pharmacokinetics.

show abstract

Pharmacological treatments for ADHD

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Fed and Fasted Administration of a Novel Extended‐Release Methylphenidate Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulation for the Treatment of ADHD

Impact of a High-Fat Meal and Sprinkled Administration on the Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Viloxazine Extended-Release Capsules (QelbreeTM) in Healthy Adult Subjects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About