Pharmacological properties of melochinine, an alkaloid producing Central American cattle paralysis

Breuer, Harald; Rangel, Mario; Medina, Ernesto

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(82)90032-4

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…ABANICO VETERINARIO ISSN 2448-6132 Publisher Sergio Martínez González abanicoacademico.mx/revistasabanico The characteristics of the plant were consistent with M. pyramidata and were similar to those described by other authors (Breuer et al, 1982, Baudilio, 2009. In this case, evidence of semi-digested runoff was found in the rumen, in addition to the revision of the paddock presence and consumption of leaves and stems was determined.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Other effects of this alkaloid are on the cardiac muscle, nerve cells and the retina; causing photophobia, blindness and hemeralopy or day blindness, as has been reported (Baudilio, 2009). Subsequently, it affects the nerves of the hind limbs, causing a degeneration of the nerve fibers, causing paralysis due to neuromuscular damage, causing a slow depolarization by reduced velocity in the Na and Ca channels (Breuer et al, 1982;Bruneton, 2001;Haraguchi, 2003, Cristóbal, 2007, Armién et al, 2009, Baudilio, 2009. No inflammatory reaction and white muscle disease were observed, so deficiency of vitamin E or selenium was ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main species that contain toxic alkaloids for cattle are: Hierba ceniza (Senecio longilobus), Chilicote or colorín (Erythrina flabeliformis), Lupinos (Lupinus sparsiflorus, L. concinnus), Espuelita (Delphinium scaposum), Toloache (Datura meteloides), Juan loco (Nicotiana glauca), Tabaco de coyote (Nicotiana trigonophylla), Hierba loca (Astragallus spp. ), Cardo (Argemone mexicana), Garbancillo (Crotalaria pumila), Huinar and escobilla silvestre or escobilla morada (Melochia pyramidata) (Sáenz, 1964;Breuer et al,1982;Bruneton, 2001;Tokarnia, 2002;Haraguchi, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fruits are capsules wider than long, and are between 5-6 mm in length, their shape is pyramidal. The huinar has a wide range of distribution; it is found up to 1200 meters high, in sites free of dense, high vegetation, such as areas for annual crops, orchards on periodic rest, poor uncultivated land, roadsides and roads (Breuer et al, 1982;Baudilio, 2009). In Mexico M. pyramidata has been found in the states of Campeche, Colima, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz and Yucatan (Avendaño and Flores, 1999 The aerial parts of the plant contain Melochinine, from the group of pyridine alkaloids and produce paralysis, brachycardia, hypotension and death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Mexico M. pyramidata has been found in the states of Campeche, Colima, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz and Yucatan (Avendaño and Flores, 1999 The aerial parts of the plant contain Melochinine, from the group of pyridine alkaloids and produce paralysis, brachycardia, hypotension and death. It causes paralysis of the posterior train, notable photophobia, mucous ulcerations, severe constipation and death (Breuer et al, 1982). However, the studies concerning this toxic plant are scarce, the pathogenesis of its effects, the signs and the injuries it produces on cattle are not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovinos intoxicados por Melochia pyramidata en Colima, México

et al. 2018

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With the purpose of describing the pathological conditions of bovines intoxicated by consuming huinar (Melochia pyramidata) in Colima, Mexico, there are three cases of animals with signs of incoordination, ataxia, and paralysis of the posterior train, prostration and death, suspects of bovine paralytic rabies. Complementary studies of hematology, necropsies, histopathology, and immunofluorescence were performed and M. pyramidata plants were collected for the detection of alkaloids. Leukocytosis was detected by neutrophilia and normocytic normochromic anemia. The macroscopic findings were the presence of edema in multiple organs. Histopathologically the brain, cerebellum, spinal and oblongata cord, as well as peripheral nerves, presented axonal degeneration and areas of demyelination. In histological test without evidence of lesions, negative to rabies virus in immunofluorescence test and the presence of alkaloids was detected in M. pyramitada. Therefore, the consumption of alkaloids through Melochia pyramidata causes nervous disease in cattle that helps in the differential diagnosis of bovine paralytic rabies. Finally, the description of this case can help identify the toxic flora of western Mexico. toxic plants, huinar, Melochia pyramidata, cattle, toxicity. RESUMEN Con el propósito de describir las condiciones patológicas de bovinos intoxicados por consumir huinar (Melochia pyramidata) en Colima, México, se presentan tres casos de animales con signos de incoordinación, ataxia, parálisis del tren posterior, postración y muerte, sospechosos de rabia paralitica bovina. Se realizaron estudios complementarios de hematología, necropsia, histopatología e inmunofluorescencia, además se colectaron plantas de M. pyramidata para determinar la presencia de alcaloides. Macroscópicamente se observó edema en múltiples órganos, luego, se detectó leucocitosis por neutrofilia y anemia normocítica normocrómica en sangre. Histopatológicamente el cerebro, cerebelo, médula oblonga y espinal, así como nervios periféricos, presentaron degeneración axonal y áreas de desmielinización. En prueba histológica sin evidencia de lesiones, negativo a virus rábico en prueba de inmunoflorescencia y se detectó la presencia de alcaloides en M. pyramitada. Por lo tanto, el consumo de alcaloides a través de Melochia pyramidata provoca enfermedad nerviosa en bovinos que ayuda en el diagnóstico diferencial de rabia paralitica bovina. Finalmente, la descripción de este caso puede ayudar a identificar la flora tóxica del occidente de México.plantas tóxicas, intoxicación, huinar, Melochia pyramidata, bovinos.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovinos intoxicados por Melochia pyramidata en Colima, México

et al. 2018

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Toxic diseases

2022

Large Animal Neurology

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Natural products inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase

Filho

Medeiros

Diniz

et al. 2006

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

169

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RESUMO: "Produtos naturais inibidores da enzima acetilcolinesterase". A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma patologia neurodegenerativa, progressiva, que afeta principalmente a população idosa, responsável por 50-60% dos casos de demência em pessoas com mais de 65 anos de idade. Os principais sintomas associado a DA envolve defi ciência orgânica cognitiva, principalmente perda de memória. Outras características associadas com os estágios avançados de DA inclui défi cit na linguagem, depressão, problemas de comportamento, inclusive agitação, alterações de humor e psicose.Um dos mais promissores caminhos para tratar esta doença é aumentar o nível de acetilcolina no cérebro usando inibidores da acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a literatura das plantas e substâncias encontradas nas plantas, inibidores da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Foram levantadas 309 plantas e 260 substâncias isoladas de plantas que foram classifi cados em grupos químicos adequados, os modelo testados, e suas atividades. Foram consultados 175 referências.Unitermos: Inibidores da Acetilcolinesterase, AchE, doença de Alzheimer, distúrbios neurodegenetivos, plantas medicinais, produtos naturais, revisão.ABSTRACT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative pathology that primarily affects the elderly population, and is estimated to account for 50-60% of dementia cases in persons over 65 years of age. The main symptoms associated with AD involve cognitive dysfunction, primarily memory loss. Other features associated with the later stages of AD include language defi cits, depression, behavioural problems including agitation, mood disturbances and psychosis. One of the most promising approaches for treating this disease is to enhance the acetylcholine level in the brain using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The present work reviews the literature on plants and plant-derived compounds inhibitors of enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The review refers to 309 plant extracts and 260 compounds isolated from plants, which are classifi ed in appropriate chemical groups and model tested, and cites their activity. For this purpose 175 references were consulted.

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Pharmacological properties of melochinine, an alkaloid producing Central American cattle paralysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Bovinos intoxicados por Melochia pyramidata en Colima, México

Bovinos intoxicados por Melochia pyramidata en Colima, México

Toxic diseases

Natural products inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase

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