Pharmacological potential of ginseng and ginsenosides in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Yi, Young-Su

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2023.11.003

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Study has shown that dandelion polysaccharides can alleviate CCL4-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and mitigate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress injury by scavenging free radicals and attenuating inflammatory cell activation [75]; Li et al [76] used nimodipine as a positive control group and found that Panax notoginseng polysaccharides improved the antioxidant capacity of brain tissues and inhibited overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, and had a protective effect on rat I/R injury with protective effects. Saponins are widely distributed in nature, and it has been found that saponins extracted from traditional Chinese medicines have various pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor [77], anti-inflammatory [78], anti-cancer [79], prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases [80], and that Ginsenoside Rg3 protects the myocardium through the Akt/eNOS signaling pathway and increases the Bcl-2/Bax ratio [81]. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites of plants, which are widely present in plants, and have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immune-enhancing effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Liu,

Chen,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Neurological-related disorders are diseases that affect the body’s neurons or peripheral nerve tissue, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The development of neurological disorders can cause serious harm to the quality of life and functioning of the patient. The use of traditional therapeutic agents such as dopamine-promoting drugs, anticholinergic drugs, cholinesterase inhibitors, and NMDA receptor antagonists is often accompanied by a series of side effects such as drug resistance, cardiac arrhythmia, liver function abnormalities, and blurred vision. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a therapeutic drug with a high safety profile and few side effects. Herbal medicines are rich in active ingredients that are natural macromolecules. Ginsenoside is the main active ingredient of ginseng, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and is considered to have potential value in the treatment of human diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1 have strong pharmacological activities in the nervous system, with protective effects on nerve cells, improved resistance to neuronal injury, modulation of neural activity, resistance to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improvement of brain damage after eclampsia hemorrhage, improvement of memory and cognitive deficits, treatment of AD and vascular dementia, alleviation of anxiety, pain, and inhibition of ionic-like behavior. In this article, we searched the pharmacological research literature of Rg2 and Rh1 in the field of neurological diseases, summarized the latest research progress of the two ginsenosides, and reviewed the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Rg2 and Rh1, which provided a new way of thinking for the research of the active ingredients in ginseng anti-neurological diseases and the development of new drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Liu,

Chen,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…Panax ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, is the king of herbs in China. In fact, P. ginseng is widely used in oral and clinical drug therapies because of its unique pharmacodynamic components, such as ginsenosides and polysaccharides [1,2]. Interestingly, the pharmacodynamic value of ginseng is closely related to the quality of the raw material [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Phosphate-Deficiency Stress on the Biological Characteristics and Transcriptomics of Panax ginseng

Sun,

Liang,

Shao

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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The low availability of phosphorus has become a common problem worldwide. Phosphorus is essential for phenotypic morphology and ginsenoside synthesis. However, the effects of Pi stress on ginseng phenotype and ginsenoside synthesis remain unclear. Phenotypic analyses and transcriptomics revealed the phenotypic construction and regulation of differential genes involved in the physiological metabolism of ginseng under low-Pi stress. Root length and stem length were found to be significantly inhibited by phosphate-deficiency stress in the half-phosphate (HP) and no-phosphate (NP) treatment groups; however, the number of fibrous roots, which are regulated by phytohormones, was found to increase. In ginseng leaves, the indexes of physiological stress, superoxide anion (221.19 nmol/g) and malonaldehyde (MDA) (0.05 μmol/min/g), reached the maximum level. Moreover, chlorophyll fluorescence images and chlorophyll content further confirmed the inhibition of ginseng photosynthesis under low-Pi stress. A total of 579 and 210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared between NP and total phosphate (TP) and HP and TP, respectively, and only 64 common DEGs were found based on the two comparisons. These DEGs were mainly related to the synthesis of phosphate transporters (PHTs), phytohormones, and ginsenosides. According to KEGG analyses, four DEGs (Pg_s 0368.2, Pg_s3418.1, Pg_s5392.5 and Pg_s3342.1) affected acetyl-CoA production by regulating glycometabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). In addition, related genes, including those encoding 13 PHTs, 15 phytohormones, and 20 ginsenoside synthetases, were screened in ginseng roots under Pi-deficiency stress. These results indicate that changes in the ginseng phenotype and transcriptional regulation of DEGs are involved in the Pi-deficiency stress environment of ginseng, thereby providing new information regarding the development of ginseng for low-Pi tolerance.

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Ginsenoside Rb1 improves human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with liver organoids-on-a-chip

Wang,

Zhu,

Shi

et al. 2024

Engineered Regeneration

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Pharmacological potential of ginseng and ginsenosides in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Effect of Phosphate-Deficiency Stress on the Biological Characteristics and Transcriptomics of Panax ginseng

Ginsenoside Rb1 improves human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with liver organoids-on-a-chip

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