Pharmacological Modulation of Ureteral Peristalsis in a Chronically Instrumented Conscious Pig Model. I: Effect of Cholinergic Stimulation and Inhibition

Abstract

Smooth muscle motor activity at the mid and distal ureter is not modulated by muscarinic receptors. Peristaltic frequency is directly related to the pyelocaliceal load during a rate of diuresis not exceeding animal normal diuresis plus 0.25 ml per minute. Ureteral contraction force increases only in the mid ureter with increased diuresis.

Autonomic and sensory nerve modulation of peristalsis in the upper urinary tract

“…Exogenous application of acetylcholine increases contractility in the pig (Sorensen et al, 1983) and guinea pig (Santicioli and Maggi, 1998) renal pelvis and in the pig (Hernandez et al, 1993), human (Long and Nergardh, 1978) and guinea-pig (Yoshida and Kuga, 1980) ureter, but has little effect on the conscious porcine distal ureter (Roshani et al, 2003). Carbachol also decreases ureteric pressure and peristalsis in partially or completely obstructed ureters of anaesthetised dogs in a manner unaffected by muscarinic antagonists (Tomiyama et al, 2004).…”

Comparison of Mathematic Models for Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate with Electron-Beam CT in Pigs

“…Spontaneous contractions occur in the pig ureter (13), and it is very sensitive to manipulation (14). Therefore, ureteral catheterization was avoided to minimize functional perturbations that could interfere with measurement of GFR.…”

First Prize: Pharmacologic Manipulation of the Porcine Ureter: Acute Impact of Topical Drugs on Ureteral Diameter and Peristaltic Activity

“…Studies to evaluate ureteral peristalsis have largely used endoluminal methods, employing either a pressure transducer [1][2][3][4] or an ultrasound probe 5 to evaluate ureteral physiology. However, these endoluminal devices can themselves alter ureteral peristalsis, and, hence, intraluminal evaluation technologies cannot be applied to measure ureteral peristalsis and the ureter's response to interventions such as stenting accurately.…”