Pharmacological Modulation of Immune Responses by Nutritional Components

Daal, Marthe T. van; Folkerts, Gert; Garssen, Johan; Braber, Saskia

doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000063

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 242 publications

(337 reference statements)

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“…Foods and beverages provide macro-and micronutrients, as well as other bioactive components, that contribute to the normal functioning of the immune system, including supporting barrier function. The impact of several food components such as specific vitamins and minerals, and also proteins, flavonoids, and non-digestible polysaccharides, as well as probiotics and short-chain fatty acids, on the immune system has recently been comprehensively reviewed ( 55 , 56 ). These effects are relevant to anti-viral immunity ( 57 ).…”

Section: Nutrition and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections

et al. 2022

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Respiratory infections place a heavy burden on the health care system, particularly in the winter months. Individuals with a vulnerable immune system, such as very young children and the elderly, and those with an immune deficiency, are at increased risk of contracting a respiratory infection. Most respiratory infections are relatively mild and affect the upper respiratory tract only, but other infections can be more serious. These can lead to pneumonia and be life-threatening in vulnerable groups. Rather than focus entirely on treating the symptoms of infectious disease, optimizing immune responsiveness to the pathogens causing these infections may help steer towards a more favorable outcome. Nutrition may have a role in such prevention through different immune supporting mechanisms. Nutrition contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system, with various nutrients acting as energy sources and building blocks during the immune response. Many micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) act as regulators of molecular responses of immune cells to infection. It is well described that chronic undernutrition as well as specific micronutrient deficiencies impair many aspects of the immune response and make individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, other dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, and also animal- and plant-derived bioactive components can further support the immune system. Both the innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to active antiviral respiratory tract immunity. The initial response to viral airway infections is through recognition by the innate immune system of viral components leading to activation of adaptive immune cells in the form of cytotoxic T cells, the production of neutralizing antibodies and the induction of memory T and B cell responses. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of a range different dietary components on anti-infective innate as well as adaptive immune responses and to propose mechanisms by which they may interact with the immune system in the respiratory tract.

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Section: Nutrition and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections

et al. 2022

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“…Considering the set of results, we can hypothesize that P2Et treatment decreases lung inflammation by the modulation of the IL-33-ILC2-Eosino-IL-9 axis in early timepoints, but also trough the effect on innate immune populations. In fact, it has been shown that some polyphenols are able to modulate inflammatory responses and migratory mechanisms on immune cells ( 45 , 46 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized double-blind clinical study in patients with COVID-19 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a phytomedicine (P2Et)

et al. 2022

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BackgroundIt has been proposed that polyphenols can be used in the development of new therapies against COVID-19, given their ability to interfere with the adsorption and entrance processes of the virus, thus disrupting viral replication. Seeds from Caesalpinia spinosa, have been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies and respiratory diseases. Our team has obtained an extract called P2Et, rich in polyphenols derived from gallic acid with significant antioxidant activity, and the ability to induce complete autophagy in tumor cells and reduce the systemic inflammatory response in animal models.MethodsIn this work, a phase II multicenter randomized double-blind clinical trial on COVID-19 patients was designed to evaluate the impact of the P2Et treatment on the clinical outcome and the immunological parameters related to the evolution of the disease. The Trial was registered with the number No. NCT04410510*. A complementary study in an animal model of lung fibrosis was carried out to evaluate in situ lung changes after P2Et in vivo administration. The ability of P2Et to inhibit the viral load of murine and human coronaviruses in cellular models was also evaluated.ResultsPatients treated with P2Et were discharged on average after 7.4 days of admission vs. 9.6 days in the placebo group. Although a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines such as G-CSF, IL-15, IL-12, IL-6, IP10, MCP-1, MCP-2 and IL-18 was observed in both groups, P2Et decreased to a greater extent G-CSF, IL-6 and IL-18 among others, which are related to lower recovery of patients in the long term. The frequency of T lymphocytes (LT) CD3+, LT double negative (CD3+CD4-CD8-), NK cells increased in the P2Et group where the population of eosinophils was also significantly reduced. In the murine bleomycin model, P2Et also reduced lung inflammation and fibrosis. P2Et was able to reduce the viral replication of murine and human coronaviruses in vitro, showing its dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory role, key in disease control.ConclusionsTaken together these results suggest that P2Et could be consider as a good co-adjuvant in the treatment of COVID-19.Clinical trail registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04410510, identifier: NCT04410510.

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“…Dietary compounds with cholesterol lowering effects could affect events of immune cells by interfering in signaling pathways and gene expressions and exert immune modulation [ 17 , 20 , 215 ]. Dietary compounds also alter gut microbiome profile and induce metabolite production from the microbiome, that could contribute to immune modulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Cholesterol, Oxysterols, and Cholesterol Lowering Dietary Compounds on the Immune System

Yanagisawa

Asai

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Cholesterol and its oxidized forms, oxysterols, are ingested from foods and are synthesized de novo. Cholesterol and oxysterols influence molecular and cellular events and subsequent biological responses of immune cells. The amount of dietary cholesterol influence on the levels of LDL cholesterol and blood oxysterols plays a significant role in the induction of pro-inflammatory state in immune cells, leading to inflammatory disorders, including cardiovascular disease. Cholesterol and oxysterols synthesized de novo in immune cells and stroma cells are involved in immune homeostasis, which may also be influenced by an excess intake of dietary cholesterol. Dietary compounds such as β-glucan, plant sterols/stanols, omega-3 lipids, polyphenols, and soy proteins, could lower blood cholesterol levels by interfering with cholesterol absorption and metabolism. Such dietary compounds also have potential to exert immune modulation through diverse mechanisms. This review addresses current knowledge about the impact of dietary-derived and de novo synthesized cholesterol and oxysterols on the immune system. Possible immunomodulatory mechanisms elicited by cholesterol-lowering dietary compounds are also discussed.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Immune Responses by Nutritional Components

Cited by 18 publications

References 242 publications

Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections

Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections

Randomized double-blind clinical study in patients with COVID-19 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a phytomedicine (P2Et)

The Impacts of Cholesterol, Oxysterols, and Cholesterol Lowering Dietary Compounds on the Immune System

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