Pharmacological inactivation in the analysis of the central control of movement

Martin, John H.; Ghez, Claude

doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(98)00163-0

Cited by 223 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…All of the animals were allowed 24 h to recover between the infusion sessions. Several prior studies that used similar infusion procedures have reported that muscimol spread maximally within the 10-20 min following infusion, that the effective inactivation radius was 1.5-2.0 mm, and that the blocking effect persisted for a period of up to 2.0 h in both cortical and subcortical tissues [61][62][63] . However, in present study, the exact drug diffusion into each animal is unknown because the spread of the three drugs was not measured directly.…”

Section: Drug Infusionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Yao

Fan

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: To determine whether electrical stimulation of caudal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with airpuff unconditioned stimulus (US) was sufficient for establishing eyeblink conditioning in guinea pigs, and whether it was dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus. Methods: Thirty adult guinea pigs were divided into 3 conditioned groups, and trained on the delay eyeblink conditioning, short-trace eyeblink conditioning, and long-trace eyeblink conditioning paradigms, respectively, in which electrical stimulation of the right caudal mPFC was used as CS and paired with corneal airpuff US. A pseudo conditioned group of another 10 adult guinea pigs was given unpaired caudal mPFC electrical stimulation and the US. Muscimol (1 µg in 1 µL saline) and saline (1 µL) were infused into the cerebellar interpositus nucleus of the animals through the infusion cannula on d 11 and 12, respectively. Results: The 3 eyeblink conditioning paradigms have been successfully established in guinea pigs. The animals acquired the delay and short-trace conditioned responses more rapidly than long-trace conditioned responses. Muscimol infusion into the cerebellar interpositus nucleus markedly impaired the expression of the 3 eyeblink conditioned responses. Conclusion: Electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC is effective CS for establishing eyeblink conditioning in guinea pigs, and it is dependent on the cerebellar interpositus nucleus.

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Section: Drug Infusionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Yao

Fan

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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“…The order of the different tasks was counterbalanced across inactivation experiments, and control data were always obtained on the following day and under the same conditions. The entire duration of behavioral testing never lasted Ͼ2 hr, well within the accepted temporal range of muscimol effects (Malpeli, 1999;Martin and Ghez, 1999). Seven LI P inactivation experiments were conducted in monkey M, and five were conducted in monkey A.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Saccadic Target Selection Deficits after Lateral Intraparietal Area Inactivation in Monkeys

2002

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We investigated the contribution of the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) to the selection of saccadic eye movement targets and to saccade execution using muscimol-induced reversible inactivation and compared those effects with inactivation of the adjacent ventral intraparietal area (VIP) and with sham injections of saline into LIP. Three types of tasks were used: saccades to single visual or memorized targets, saccades to synchronous and asynchronous bilateral targets, and visual search of a target among distractors. LIP inactivation failed to produce deficits in the latency or accuracy of saccades to single targets, but it dramatically reduced the frequency of contralateral saccades in the presence of bilateral targets, and it increased search time for a contralateral target during serial visual search. In the latter task, the observed deficits might reflect either an ispilateral bias in saccadic search strategy or an attentional impairment in locating a target among flanking distractors within the contralateral field. No effects were observed on any of these tasks after VIP inactivation. These results suggest that one important contribution of LIP to oculomotor behavior is the selection of targets for saccades in the context of competing visual stimuli.

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“…The injection cannulae were left in place for 1 min prior to and after the infusion. TTX acts by inhibiting the generation and propagation of action potentials (for a critical review of this and other temporary inactivation procedures, see Martin and Ghez, 1999). Metabolic activation and other physiological studies have shown that the mean inactivated tissue radius after infusion of 5 ng/0.5 ml of TTX is B0.7-0.8 mm, and the maximal effect of TTX lasts for no less than 120 min, then disappears exponentially within 24 h (Cahill et al, 1987;Zhuravin and Bures, 1991;Ambrogi Lorenzini et al, 1995).…”

Section: Intracranial Infusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex, Basolateral Amygdala, and Dorsal Hippocampus in Contextual Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats

Fuchs

Evans

Ledford

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

486

517

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The present study tested the hypothesis that separate neural substrates mediate cocaine relapse elicited by drug-associated contextual stimuli vs explicit conditioned stimuli (CSs) and cocaine. Specifically, we investigated the involvement of the dorsal hippocampus (DH), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) in contextual reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior and the involvement of the DH in explicit CS-and cocaine-induced reinstatement. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine in a distinct context or in the presence of CSs paired explicitly with cocaine infusions. Responding of context-trained rats was then extinguished in the previously cocaine-paired or an alternate context, whereas responding of explicit CS-trained rats was extinguished in the absence of the CSs. Subsequently, the target brain regions or anatomical control regions were functionally inactivated using tetrodotoxin (0 or 5 ng/ side), and cocaine-seeking behavior (ie, nonreinforced responses) was assessed in the cocaine-paired context, in the alternate context, in the presence of the explicit CSs, or following cocaine priming (10 mg/kg, i.p.). DH inactivation abolished contextual, but failed to alter explicit CS-or cocaine-induced, reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. BLA or dmPFC inactivation also abolished contextual reinstatement. Conversely, inactivation of the control brain regions failed to alter contextual reinstatement. In conclusion, the DH, BLA, and dmPFC play critical roles in contextual reinstatement. Previous findings suggest that the BLA is critical for explicit CS-induced, but not cocaine-primed, reinstatement and the dmPFC is critical for both explicit CS-induced and cocaine-primed reinstatement. Thus, distinct but partially overlapping neural substrates mediate context-induced, explicit CS-induced, and cocaine-primed reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior.

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Pharmacological inactivation in the analysis of the central control of movement

Cited by 223 publications

References 83 publications

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Saccadic Target Selection Deficits after Lateral Intraparietal Area Inactivation in Monkeys

The Role of the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex, Basolateral Amygdala, and Dorsal Hippocampus in Contextual Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats

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