Pharmacological Evaluation of the Antinociceptive and Antiinflammatory Activity of the Species Endopleura Uchi

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Bergenin or Its Derivatives: A Promising Molecule

“…Souza et al [ 142 ] reported that the phenolic extract of the stem bark of E. uchi (the main constituent being bergenin) had an anti-inflammatory effect in the edema of mice paws induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan. Carrageenan is an inflammatory agent and produces inflammation by releasing prostaglandins, causing the formation of edema [ 143 ]. The results suggested that the phenolic extracts normalized edema by inhibiting COX-2, the main COX isoform induced during inflammation, to regulate the production of prostaglandins at the site of inflammation [ 128 ].…”

“…The DPPH free radical method is an antioxidant assay based on electron transfer that yields a violet solution in ethanol [ 153 ]. The IC 50 for free radical scavenging DPPH in vitro was determined as 0.7–165.35 µg/mL [ 49 , 66 , 73 , 109 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 ] and 951 µM [ 46 ]. The presence of bergenin reduces free radicals and gives rise to a colorless ethanol solution [ 159 ], indicating that it may be potentially useful for various pathological conditions associated with the devastating effects of oxygen-reactive species [ 124 ].…”

“…Bharate et al [ 22 ] reached the same conclusion using the ethanolic extract of the rhizome of bergenin-rich B. ciliate (IC 50 of 2 g/kg) in rats induced to nociception by acetic acid and the formalin-induced paw-licking method and suggested that upregulation of inflammation is inversely proportional to antinociceptive activity, i.e., the bergenin contained in the extract enables inhibition of both nociceptive response phases as anti-inflammatory processes are activated. Souza et al [ 143 ] reported that the extract of the bark of E. uchi presented good antinociceptive activity (IC 50 of 100 mg/kg) in the test of abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid. They suggested that the mechanism of action is associated with the inhibition of the formation of pro-inflammatory mediators.…”