Pharmacological Evaluation of Ricinine, a Central Nervous System Stimulant Isolated from Ricinus communis

Ferraz, Anete Curte; Angelucci, Miriam Elizabeth Mendes; Costa, Mariana L Da; Batista, Ilza Rosa; Oliveira, Brás Heleno de; Cunha, Cláudio Da

doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00007-6

Cited by 95 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This might have been due to abnormal muscular contraction, indicating a typical hyperactive neural effect of the active component(s) of the extracts. This result is the same as that reported by Ferraz et al,27) in which a high dose of ricinine from Ricinus communis on mice showed effects on central nervous system, especially the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, even at low doses. This affects memory efficiency in mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Ricinine is also toxic to various pests, e.g., Myzus persicae by the feeding method, in 8-24 hr 25) ; however, ricinine shows less pronounced toxicity to S. exigua than limonoid from an acetone extract of Citrus reticulata seeds, which are contaminated with fungi, showing hatching inhibition with EC 50 as 70.79 ppm and LC 50 as 75.86 ppm. 26) Hence, for practical application, the use of crude extract may be better than using an isolated compound because ricinine is toxic to mammals 27) and crude extract may have other active compounds that can interact and synergize 5 of ethyl acetate J. gossypifolia extract by the dipping method, for which the control group was 70% ethanol. (1) After monitoring the components from eluted solution using TLC, 20% dichloromethane:hexane could be separated into two fractions (I and II); similarly, 70% dichloromethane:hexane could be separated into two fractions (II and III).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of ethyl acetate extract and ricinine from Jatropha gossypifolia senescent leaves against Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Bullangpoti

Khumrungsee

Pluempanupat

et al. 2011

Journal of Pesticide Science

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The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)) is one of the most important vegetable pests in Thailand. After 24 hr of both dipping and sprayer bioassay, estimation of LC 50 of the ethyl acetate extract of Jatropha gossypifolia senescent leaves demonstrated toxicity to secondary instar S. exigua larvae because in this stage most armyworm start to move to other plants and it is also the first susceptible stage for toxicity tests. Ricinine, the main alkaloid separated from ethyl acetate crude extract, showed toxicity on secondary instar larvae by the sprayer method with an LC 50 of 3,215 ppm whereas the LC 50 value for ethyl acetate crude extract is 8,644 ppm. Thus, the ethyl acetate crude extract of Jatropha gossypifolia senescent leaves may have ricinine as the active ingredient and may be used as an alternative choice for the minimal application of chemical insecticides for Spodoptera exigua.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of ethyl acetate extract and ricinine from Jatropha gossypifolia senescent leaves against Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Bullangpoti

Khumrungsee

Pluempanupat

et al. 2011

Journal of Pesticide Science

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“…11 Ricinine is a central nervous system stimulatory compound, most likely interacting at a specific gamma aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA A ), that can lead to hyperactivity, seizures, and respiratory arrest at high doses. 7,8 The highest concentrations of ricinine are found in the leaves and the pericarp of the fruit, whereas ricin itself appears to be the primary compound in castor bean seeds. 6,13 The detection of ricinine in biological samples collected from suspected poisoning cases confirms exposure to any part of the castor bean plant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fatal Ricin Toxicosis in a Puppy Confirmed by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry when Using Ricinine as a Marker

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Ricin, a lectin from the castor bean plant (Ricinis communis), is considered one of the most potent plant toxins. Ingestion of masticated seeds results in high morbidity, with vomiting and watery to hemorrhagic diarrhea. The prognosis varies with the number of seeds ingested, the degree of mastication, individual susceptibility, and the delay in treatment. Low mortality restricts assessment of histologic lesions, and the literature on toxicologic analysis for ricin is limited. This report describes a fatal case of castor bean ingestion in a 12-week-old Mastiff puppy, with confirmation of ricin exposure through detection of the biomarker ricinine by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Despite supportive therapy, the puppy died several hours after presentation for acute vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. At necropsy, a segment of jejunum and mesenteric lymph nodes were congested. When the owner reported the presence of castor beans in the dog's feces, selected formalin-fixed and unfixed tissues were submitted for diagnostic evaluation. Histopathologic findings included superficial necrotizing enteritis of the jejunum and occasional, random foci of coagulative necrosis in the liver. The alkaloid ricinine was detected in gastric content by using a newly developed LC/MS method. This confirmation of exposure is important in the diagnosis of ricin toxicosis, because ingestion of castor beans is not always fatal, histologic lesions are nonspecific, and the degree of mastication can influence the effective dose of ricin.

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“…The most polar extracts caused the greatest effect on the development of the fall armyworm and the authors concluded that the reduction in the development of this insect was caused by the ricinine (alkaloid) and the castor oil. The toxic effect was attributed mainly to ricinine, compound mostly found in seeds with polar characteristics and LC50 0.38 g L -1 (Ferraz et al, 1999). In the present work, the seed was degreased prior to the extraction of the inhibitor with water, and thus ricinine may have also been extracted; it implies that the same extract at 4 g L -1 in the diet was not able to cause significant changes in the development of treated insects.…”

Section: Fractionation Of Aq20% Extract By Adsorption Flash Chromatogmentioning

confidence: 63%

Extraction and isolation of anti-tryptic castor-bean (Ricinus communis L.) substances and their effects on Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Ramos

Alves

Braga

et al. 2013

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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The search for alternative methods aiming to the control of agricultural pests that cause less environmental impact has been a recurring theme in several studies. For this purpose, the factors influencing the extraction and isolation of the trypsin inhibitor found in castor-bean (Ricinus communis L.) cake and seeds were studied, and its effect on the development of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) was evaluated. Therefore, the type and proportion of the solvent (w/v), extraction period and oil content were evaluated. The castor-bean cake extract with oil content of 20% in water at a ratio 1:40 (w/v) for 30 min showed the greatest trypsin inhibition, with 21.23 mUTI g -1 seed. The isolation of the trypsin inhibitor contained in the extract was performed by flash chromatography, with inhibition peaks of up to 8906.12 mUTI g -1 fraction, as well as inferring that the best eluent was ethyl acetate with a small percentage of ethanol (< 30%). In order to evaluate the effect of the inhibitor on the development of this insect, the aqueous extract of castor bean cake with oil content of 20% was incorporated into the diet that was provided to the caterpillars at a concentration of 4000 ppm. There was reduction in the oviposition period and an increase in the concentration of proteins in the feces, with 20.55 ± 3.73 d and 177.70 ± 16.90 µmol g -1 , respectively. The increase in protein excretion indicates that the trypsin inhibitor was able to reduce the absorption of essential amino acid residues by the insect without, however, impairing the development of S. frugiperda.

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Pharmacological Evaluation of Ricinine, a Central Nervous System Stimulant Isolated from Ricinus communis

Cited by 95 publications

References 37 publications

Toxicity of ethyl acetate extract and ricinine from <i>Jatropha gossypifolia</i> senescent leaves against <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Toxicity of ethyl acetate extract and ricinine from <i>Jatropha gossypifolia</i> senescent leaves against <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Fatal Ricin Toxicosis in a Puppy Confirmed by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry when Using Ricinine as a Marker

Extraction and isolation of anti-tryptic castor-bean (Ricinus communis L.) substances and their effects on Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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Pharmacological Evaluation of Ricinine, a Central Nervous System Stimulant Isolated from Ricinus communis

Cited by 95 publications

References 37 publications

Toxicity of ethyl acetate extract and ricinine from <i>Jatropha gossypifolia</i> senescent leaves against <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> H&uuml;bner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Toxicity of ethyl acetate extract and ricinine from <i>Jatropha gossypifolia</i> senescent leaves against <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> H&uuml;bner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Fatal Ricin Toxicosis in a Puppy Confirmed by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry when Using Ricinine as a Marker

Extraction and isolation of anti-tryptic castor-bean (Ricinus communis L.) substances and their effects on Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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Toxicity of ethyl acetate extract and ricinine from <i>Jatropha gossypifolia</i> senescent leaves against <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Toxicity of ethyl acetate extract and ricinine from <i>Jatropha gossypifolia</i> senescent leaves against <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)