Pharmacological evaluation of anti-leishmanial activity by in vivo nitric oxide modulation in Balb/c mice infected with Leishmania major MRHO/IR/75/ER: An Iranian strain of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Nahrevanian, Hossein; Farahmand, Mahin; Aghighi, Zohreh; Assmar, Mehdi; Amirkhani, Aref

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2007.01.002

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, L-Arg may be used for treatment of both CL and VL in different hosts. These data indicated that L-Arg had ability to induce NO in treated animals which are confirmed by several publications in vitro and in vivo (Green et al, 1990b;Krassner and Flory, 1971;Wanasen and Soong, 2008;Kropf et al, 2005;Shaked-Mishan et al, 2006;Nahrevanian et al, 2007;El-On et al, 1986). The data of this study indicated that oral and injection form of L-Arg presented to be more effective than local L-Arg.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…We have previously published the detailed applications of NO modulators, time course infected Balb/c mice. Significance of differences (*p<0.05, ***p<0.001) was determined by student's t-test and one-way anova test using Graph Pad Prism software (n = 10 mice/group) and the associated changes in spleen, as well as plasma, brain and liver concentrations of NO in intracellular parasites including plasmodium and Leishmania (Nahrevanian et al, 2007(Nahrevanian et al, , 2009a(Nahrevanian et al, , 2009b(Nahrevanian et al, , 2012Nahrevanian and Dascombe, 2001;Nahrevanian, 2009;Nemati et al, 2013). This is the first application of oral, local and injection forms of L-Arg against Iranian strain L. major MRHO/IR/75/ER.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parasites were cultured in the RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 292 µg mLG 1 L-glutamine and 4.5 mg mLG 1 glucose (all supplied by Sigma). Under these conditions, the stationary phase of parasite growth was obtained in 6 days as determined previously (Nahrevanian et al, 2007).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial Immunotherapy of Leishmaniasis by in vivo Trial of L-Arginine in Balb/c Mice Infected with Leishmania major via Nitric Oxide Pathway

Faezi¹,

Nahrevania²,

Farahmand³

et al. 2015

International J. of Biological Chemistry

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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease in tropical and subtropical regions. It presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations; Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form leading to a skin nodule. L-Arginine (L-Arg) is an important amino acid involved in many metabolic pathways in host macrophages (MΦs) including NO synthesis. The L-Arg pathway is relevant to leishmaniasis due to its role in regulating MΦ functions. Activated MΦs can produce leishmaniacidal molecules, such as Nitric Oxide (NO) and oxidative mediators to kill parasite. Different concentrations of L-Arg were used; their toxicities assessed in naïve Balb/c mice. The highest concentration with lowest toxicity was selected to apply in Leishmania major infected mice. Test group was injected with three types of L-Arg (oral, local, injection) and control group received normal saline. Then, the lesion size, the measurement of amastigotes proliferation in MΦ, the pathophysiology of mice (hepato/spelenomegaly, survival rate, body weight) was all evaluated. In addition, plasma and tissue suspensions were investigated for NO induction using Griess Micro Assay (GMA). This is the first application of oral, local and injection forms of L-Arg against Iranian strain L. major MRHO/IR/75/ER. Results indicated L-Arg had ability to elevate NO in murine host. No pathological effects were observed in oral, local and injection types of L-Arg. Moreover, a significant decrease in parasite proliferation was observed only in oral group which presented anti-leishmanial activity by reduction liver and spleen positive smears. In injection form, percentage of positive smears was reduced only in spleen; a reduction observed in lesion sizes after treatment with oral and injection form of L-Arg; no significant alteration of local L-Arg to limit lesion size in CL was indicated here. The L-Arg is NO precursor and has been used safely for decades to treat physiological condition and used as food supplementary with no toxicity. In this study, L-Arg presented its partial ability to induce NO and treat animals. It also has limited potential therapeutic effects against CL by alteration of NO in host; therefore, it may be indicated solo as an anti-leishmanial agent or in a combination therapy for CL in mice. This may be the first immunotherapy trial against CL in Iran.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial Immunotherapy of Leishmaniasis by in vivo Trial of L-Arginine in Balb/c Mice Infected with Leishmania major via Nitric Oxide Pathway

Faezi¹,

Nahrevania²,

Farahmand³

et al. 2015

International J. of Biological Chemistry

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“…Griess microassay: Griess microassay (GMA) was applied to determine the effect of LPS and DEX on NO concentration in plasma and tissues suspensions with modifications to measure nitrite (Nahrevanian et al, 2007). NaNO 2 directly were measured by Griess solution and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA).…”

Section: Preparation Of Tissue Suspensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Entire liver and spleen were removed post mortem at the end of the experimental period from mice after induction of terminal anaesthesia by inhalation of diethyl ether (Sigma Co., Germany). Organ wet weights were measured and compared with controls as indices for degree of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly (Nahrevanian et al, 2007).…”

Section: Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide and Dose Of Injection: Ten Millmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunobiochemical Study of Host During Malaria Infection via Nitric Oxide Pathway after Modulation by Lipopolysaccharide and Dexamethasone in Mice Model

Modaresine¹,

Nahrevania²,

Khatami³

2015

International J. of Biological Chemistry

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Malaria is a parasitic disease which is common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an inducer and dexamethasone (DEX) as an inhibitor of the immune system are used in this study. The LPS and DEX effects on the level of nitric oxide (NO) of plasma, liver and spleen, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, survival rate and the degree of parasitaemia on malaria infected mice were investigated. In this study, 24 outbred mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 animals. Entire mice were infected by the murine malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. Two groups of mice were selected as controls, which were injected with intraperitoneal (ip) injection of normal saline. The two DEX and LPS groups of mice had received concentrations of 4 and 1 mg kgG 1 treatment respectively by 8 times ip injection every other day. Their body weight, survival rates and parasitaemia were monitored during the study. Finally, mice were euthanized by terminal anesthesia and cardiac puncture and the entire liver and spleen were removed for hepatosplenomegaly. Plasma and liver/spleen suspensions were assessed for immunobiochemical alterations of NO levels. The results indicated an increase in hepatomegaly of test group compared to control mice. The LPS mice represented splenomegaly more than DEX one. Nitric oxide in plasma, liver and spleen in both DEX and LPS group was changed, however, the only significant difference was observed in the liver of LPS. It is concluded that LPS and DEX can be applied as a standard and medically approved inducer and inhibitor of the immune system respectively, for experimental immunomodulation studies in animal models. In this study, LPS induced and DEX reduced immune responses in mice during malaria infection by alterations and manipulation of immunobiochemical factors via NO pathway. This may lead to an immunotherapy trial of malaria by control the pathophysiology and degree of parasitaemia in mouse model.

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Nitric Oxide Donors for Treating Neglected Diseases

Seabra

Durán

2017

Nitric Oxide Donors

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Pharmacological evaluation of anti-leishmanial activity by in vivo nitric oxide modulation in Balb/c mice infected with Leishmania major MRHO/IR/75/ER: An Iranian strain of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Partial Immunotherapy of Leishmaniasis by in vivo Trial of L-Arginine in Balb/c Mice Infected with Leishmania major via Nitric Oxide Pathway

Partial Immunotherapy of Leishmaniasis by in vivo Trial of L-Arginine in Balb/c Mice Infected with Leishmania major via Nitric Oxide Pathway

Immunobiochemical Study of Host During Malaria Infection via Nitric Oxide Pathway after Modulation by Lipopolysaccharide and Dexamethasone in Mice Model

Nitric Oxide Donors for Treating Neglected Diseases

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