Pharmacological effects on mirror approaching behavior and neurochemical aspects of the telencephalon in the fish, medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>)

Tsubokawa, Tatsuya; Saito, Kotaro; Kawano, Hitoshi; Kawamura, Koki; Shinozuka, Kazutaka; Watanabe, Shigeru

doi:10.1080/17470910802625215

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown a behavioral effect of diazepam on fish (Rehnberg et al, 1989;Corrêa and Hoffmann, 1999;Bencan et al, 2009;Tsubokawa et al, 2009;Gebauer et al, 2011), but animals were exposed to very high concentrations, and reproduction was not measured. Exposure to diazepam has been shown to induce aneuploidy in both human and mouse sperm; a severe condition that can generally result in birth defects (Schmid et al, 1999;Baumgartner et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in zebrafish, diazepam at respective concentrations of 1.25 and 0.16 mg L 21 can have anxiolytic effects measured as reduced novel tank diving response (Bencan et al, 2009) and shoal cohesion (Gebauer et al, 2011). A reduction in shoaling behavior was observed in medaka exposed to diazepam at concentrations of 15 mg kg 21 of body weight, suggesting that diazepam decreased the anxiety of isolation (Tsubokawa et al, 2009). In zebrafish, 0.05 mg L 21 of diazepam suppressed the typical preference for the edge of the tank (Richendrfer et al, 2012), and a 2.5 mM concentration decreased the typical dark-avoidance behavior during the light/dark preference test (Steenbergen et al, 2011) showing an anxiolytic effect of the drug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of environmental exposure to diazepam on the reproductive behavior of fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas

Lorenzi

Choe

Schlenk

2014

Environmental Toxicology

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Pharmaceutical drugs are continuously discharged into the aquatic environment primarily through wastewater discharge; therefore, their possible effects on wildlife is a reason of concern. Diazepam is a widely prescribed benzodiazepine drug used to treat insomnia and anxiety disorders, and it has been found in wastewater effluents worldwide. The present study tested the effects of diazepam on fecundity and the reproductive behavior of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, a fish that exhibits male parental care. Sexually mature fathead minnows were housed at a ratio of one male and two females per tank and exposed to nominal (measured) concentrations of 0, 0.1 (0.14 ± 0.06), 1.0 (1.04 ± 0.15), 10 (13.4 ± 1.5) µg L(-1) for 21 days. Fish receiving the low diazepam treatment had significantly larger clutches than fish receiving the highest concentration but neither were different from controls. Diazepam exposure was not associated with a significant change in fertilization rate, hatchability or time to hatch, but a trend toward a higher number of eggs/day was observed in fish exposed to the low diazepam concentration relative to those exposed to the medium concentration. There were no significant differences in any of the behaviors analyzed when responses were averaged over time. The results showed that exposure to diazepam at concentrations as high as 13 µg L(-1) did not significantly impact the reproductive behavior of fathead minnow.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental exposure to diazepam on the reproductive behavior of fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas

Lorenzi

Choe

Schlenk

2014

Environmental Toxicology

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“…(1) Medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) exhibit prominent shoaling behavior. For example, a single medaka fish tends to approach a conspecific group [14] as well as a mirror image of its own figure [15]. (2) When medakas form a school, individual fish tend to maintain a nearest-neighbor distance [16],[17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated and Cohesive Movement of Two Small Conspecific Fish Induced by Eliciting a Simultaneous Optomotor Response

et al. 2010

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BackgroundIn animal groups such as herds, schools, and flocks, a certain distance is maintained between adjacent individuals, allowing them to move as a cohesive unit. Proximate causations of the cohesive and coordinated movement under dynamic conditions, however, have been poorly understood.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe established a novel and simple behavioral assay using pairs of small fish (medaka and dwarf pufferfish) by eliciting a simultaneous optomotor response (OMR). We demonstrated that two homospecific fish began to move cohesively and maintained a distance of 2 to 4 cm between them when an OMR was elicited simultaneously in the fish. The coordinated and cohesive movement was not exhibited under a static condition. During the cohesive movement, the relative position of the two fish was not stable. Furthermore, adult medaka exhibited the cohesive movement but larvae did not, despite the fact that an OMR could be elicited in larvae, indicating that this ability to coordinate movement develops during maturation. The cohesive movement was detected in homospecific pairs irrespective of body-color, sex, or albino mutation, but was not detected between heterospecific pairs, suggesting that coordinated movement is based on a conspecific interaction.Conclusions/SignificanceOur findings demonstrate that coordinated behavior between a pair of animals was elicited by a simultaneous OMR in two small fish. This is the first report to demonstrate induction of a schooling-like movement in a pair of fish by an OMR and to investigate the effect of age, sex, body color, and species on coordination between animals under a dynamic condition.

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“…Furthermore, many fish display a systematic preferential use of one eye, and their laterally placed eyes influence their everyday behaviour (Tsubokawa et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mirror images are often used to investigate fish predator inspection (Milinski 1987), but a social response to this stimulus has also been observed (Meliska et al 1980;Miklosi et al 1998). Furthermore, many fish display a systematic preferential use of one eye, and their laterally placed eyes influence their everyday behaviour (Tsubokawa et al 2009). Our goal was to measure the responsiveness of D. labrax to its mirror image.…”

Section: Mirror Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acclimation of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to Temperature: Behavioural and Neurochemical Responses

et al. 2014

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Studies on fish behavioural and neurophysiological responses to water temperature change may contribute to an improved understanding of the ecological consequences of global warming. We investigated behavioural and neurochemical responses to water temperature in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) acclimated to three temperatures (18, 22 and 28°C). After 21 d of acclimation, three groups of 25 fish each were exposed to four behavioural challenges (foraging, olfactory, aversive and mirror tests). The expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was then analysed by Western blotting in CNS homogenates (from a subset of the same fish) as a marker for cholinergic system activity. In both foraging and olfactory tests, fish acclimated to 28°C exhibited significantly higher arousal responses than fish acclimated to lower temperatures. All specimens showed fright behaviour in the aversive test, but the latency of the escape response was significantly less in the fish at 28°C. Finally, the highest mirror responsiveness was exhibited by the fish acclimated to 22°C. As in the case of cholinergic neurotransmission, significantly higher ChAT levels were detected in the telencephalon, diencephalon, cerebellum and spinal cord of fish acclimated to 22 or 28°C in comparison with those maintained at 18°C. Lower ChAT levels were detected in the mesencephalon (optic tectum) at 22 and 28°C than at 18°C. These data indicate that neuronal functions are affected by water temperature. Increases or decreases in ChAT expression can be related to the functional modulation of brain and spinal cord centres involved in behavioural responses to temperature change. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the environmental temperature level influences behaviour and CNS neurochemistry in the European sea bass.

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Pharmacological effects on mirror approaching behavior and neurochemical aspects of the telencephalon in the fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of environmental exposure to diazepam on the reproductive behavior of fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas

Effects of environmental exposure to diazepam on the reproductive behavior of fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas

Coordinated and Cohesive Movement of Two Small Conspecific Fish Induced by Eliciting a Simultaneous Optomotor Response

The Acclimation of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to Temperature: Behavioural and Neurochemical Responses

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