Pharmacological Effects of Salvianolic Acid B Against Oxidative Damage

Abstract

Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the main active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza, with strong antioxidant effects. Recent findings have shown that Sal B has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic effects and can promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, aging, and liver fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include oxygen free radicals and oxygen-containing non-free radicals. ROS can regulate cell proliferation, survival, death and differentiation to regulate inflammation, and immunity, while Sal B can scavenge oxygen free radicals by providing hydrogen atoms and reduce the production of oxygen free radicals and oxygen-containing non-radicals by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The many pharmacological effects of Sal B may be closely related to its elimination and inhibition of ROS generation, and Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 may be the core link in its regulation of the expression of antioxidant enzyme to exert its antioxidant effect. What is confusing and interesting is that Sal B exhibits the opposite mechanisms in tumors. To clarify the specific target of Sal B and the correlation between its regulation of oxidative stress and energy metabolism homeostasis will help to further understand its role in different pathological conditions, and provide a scientific basis for its further clinical application and new drug development. Although Sal B has broad prospects in clinical application due to its extensive pharmacological effects, the low bioavailability is a serious obstacle to further improving its efficacy in vivo and promoting clinical application. Therefore, how to improve the availability of Sal B in vivo requires the joint efforts of many interdisciplinary subjects.

Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

“…It shows strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and anti-apoptotic capacities (Cao et al, 2012). It can exert its antioxidant effects by directly scavenging ROS or by increasing the expression of different antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, GPx, and HO-1 or inhibiting the expression of Nox2 and Nox4; being the regulation of the Nrf2 pathway the core target of these antioxidant mechanisms (Xiao et al, 2020) (Figure 2).…”

Canonical transient receptor potential channels and their modulators: biology, pharmacology and therapeutic potentials

“…Additionally, salvianolic acid B decreases mice interleukin-1 beta-induced colitis recurrence (Feng et al 2020 ). Ragarding its effects on the skeletal system, salvianolic acid B promotes new bone formation and protects against oxidative damage (Kayalar et al 2020 ; Xiao et al 2020 ; Bian and Xiang 2020 ); it improves atherosclerosis by inhibiting the YAP/TAZ/JNK signaling pathway in endothelial cells and pericytes (Yang et al 2020 ). In the nervous system, salvianolic acid B could improve the cognitive impairment of mice infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis by inhibiting neuroinflammation and reducing Aβ level (Liu et al 2020 ).…”

Protective Effects of Sal B on Oxidative Stress-Induced Aging by Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Zebrafish

“…Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is a major bioactive compound extracted from Salviae miltiorrhiza. It has important effects on various organs such as the heart, brain, liver, kidney and intestines [ 26 ]. It has been shown that Sal B has antioxidant [ 21 , 27 ], anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, and inhibits apoptosis [ 28 ].…”