Pharmacological Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Licorice-Derived Flavonoids

Wu, Yufan; Wang, Zhuxian; Du, Qizhen; Zhu, Zhaoming; Chen, Tingting; Xue, Yi; Wang, Yuan; Zeng, Quanfu; Shen, Chunyan; Jiang, Cuiping; Liu, Li; Zhu, Hongxia; Qiang, Liu

doi:10.1155/2022/9523071

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 209 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, Ginseng Radix, Astragalus Radix, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Rhodiola rosea Radix, and Epimedii Herba can prevent glutamate excitotoxicity while Ginseng Radix, Astragalus Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Rhodiola rosea Radix can ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy (Supplementary Figure 1 summarizes these findings, while Supplementary Tables 1a,b, describe the herbs, their constituents and their mechanisms of action on the targets). Overall, the ingredients of every single herb of JWL have effects on almost all known mechanisms of ALS (45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58). Hence, JWL is a promising combination of herbs that counteracts multiple mechanisms of ALS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slower progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with external application of a Chinese herbal plaster–The randomized, placebo-controlled triple-blinded ALS-CHEPLA trial

Schröder

Wang²,

Sima³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradually increasing damage to the upper and lower motor neurons. However, definitive and efficacious treatment for ALS is not available, and oral intake in ALS patients with bulbar involvement is complicated due to swallowing difficulties.Hypothesis/purposeThis study investigated whether the external plaster application of the herbal composition Ji-Wu-Li efficiently slows ALS progression because prior studies obtained promising evidence with oral herbal applications.Study designThe randomized, triple-blinded study compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the application of Ji-Wu-Li plaster (JWLP) with placebo plaster (PLAP).MethodsIn total, 120 patients with definite ALS, clinically probable ALS, or clinically probable laboratory-supported ALS were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive JWLP or PLAP. Patients were treated and observed for 20 weeks. The primary outcome was the ALSFRS-R score, while the secondary outcomes were the ALS-SSIT score and weight loss.ResultsThe mean±SD decrease in the ALSFRS-R over 20 weeks differed by 0.84 points in a group comparison (JWLP, −4.44 ± 1.15; PLAP, −5.28 ± 1.98; p = 0.005). The mean increase in the ALS-SSIT over 20 weeks differed by 2.7 points in a group comparison (JWLP, 5.361.15; PLAP, 8.06 ± 1.72; p < 0.001). The mean weight loss over 20 weeks differed by 1.65 kg in a group comparison (JWLP, −3.98 ± 2.61; PLAP, −5.63 ± 3.17; p = 0.002). Local allergic dermatitis suspected as causal to the intervention occurred in 10 of 60 participants in the JWLP group and 9 of 60 participants in the PLAP group. Systemic adverse events were mild, temporary, and considered unrelated to the intervention.ConclusionThe JWLP showed clinical efficacy in the progression of ALS, as measured by the ALSFRS-R, ALS-SSIT, and weight loss in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Because skin reactions occurred in both groups, the covering material needs improvement. All of the Ji Wu Li herbal ingredients regulate multiple mechanisms of neurodegeneration in ALS. Hence, JWLP may offer a promising and safe add-on therapy for ALS, particularly in patients with bulbar involvement, but a confirmative long-term multicentre study is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slower progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with external application of a Chinese herbal plaster–The randomized, placebo-controlled triple-blinded ALS-CHEPLA trial

Schröder

Wang²,

Sima³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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“…In general, licorice products are considered to have no hazard to the public and are utilized widely in food (ice cream, candies, chewing gums, and beverages), cosmetics (toothpaste) and tobacco as flavoring and sweetening agents. 7 , 9 However, before licorice extract or any of its individual components can enter into clinical oncological practice, due to their strong pharmacological activities, their safety must be verified thoroughly and systematically, paying special attention to the dosage and duration of the treatment. 18 Several studies have indeed warranted for the toxicity of licorice depending on its dosage and duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…glabra L.), as its roots have been utilized for alleviating pain and treating gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms already for centuries. [7][8][9] OncoTargets and Therapy 2022:15 This plant is believed to have originated in Iraq, being widespread in China, India, Iran, Afghanistan, Spain, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia. 8,9 The extract prepared from licorice roots is very sweet and used worldwide as a flavoring agent in tobacco products, food, cosmetics and herbal remedies, with an estimated annual consumption of about 1.5 kg/person.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several comprehensive review articles have been published about chemopreventive and anticancer activities of licorice and its bioactive phytocompounds in the recent years, 7,9,[18][19][20][21][22] none of them analyze anticancer properties of its structurally different constituents (eg, triterpenes glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhetic acid; chalcones isoliquiritigenin, licochalcone A and licochalcone E; and isoflavone isoangustone), describing both molecular mechanisms as well as bioavailability of these bioactive components. 23,24 Moreover, the present review article is focused on anticancer action of the major ingredients of licorice not only as separate agents but also in combination with approved chemotherapeutic drugs, administered as free compounds or encapsulated into nanoformulations to target the low bioavailability generally characteristic to natural substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)-Derived Phytochemicals Target Multiple Signaling Pathways to Confer Oncopreventive and Oncotherapeutic Effects

Tuli¹,

Garg²,

Mehta³

et al. 2022

OTT

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Cancer is a highly lethal disease, and its incidence has rapidly increased worldwide over the past few decades. Although chemotherapeutics and surgery are widely used in clinical settings, they are often insufficient to provide the cure for cancer patients. Hence, more effective treatment options are highly needed. Although licorice has been used as a medicinal herb since ancient times, the knowledge about molecular mechanisms behind its diverse bioactivities is still rather new. In this review article, different anticancer properties (antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects) of various bioactive constituents of licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) are thoroughly described. Multiple licorice constituents have been shown to bind to and inhibit the activities of various cellular targets, including B-cell lymphoma 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-3, resulting in reduced carcinogenesis in several in vitro and in vivo models with no evident toxicity. Emerging evidence is bringing forth licorice as an anticancer agent as well as bottlenecks in its potential clinical application. It is expected that overcoming toxicity-related obstacles by using novel nanotechnological methods might importantly facilitate the use of anticancer properties of licorice-derived phytochemicals in the future. Therefore, anticancer studies with licorice components must be continued. Overall, licorice could be a natural alternative to the present medication for eradicating new emergent illnesses while having just minor side effects.

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“…The main chemical constituents are triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, polysaccharides, and proteins [ 4 , 15 , 16 ]. The small molecules in licorice have been reviewed previously [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Characterization, Pharmacology and Biopolymer Applications of Licorice Polysaccharides: Review

Ain

et al. 2022

Materials

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Licorice is known as “Gan-Cao” in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), belonging to the genus Glycyrrhiza (Family: Fabaceae/Leguminosae). It has a long medicinal history and wide applications in China. Polysaccharides of licorice (LPs) are one of the key bioactive components. As herbal polysaccharides attracted increasing interest in the past several decades, their extraction, isolation, structural characterization, pharmacological activities, and medicinal application have been explored extensively. It is worth heeding that the method of extraction and purification effects LPs, apart from specie and origin specificity. This review evaluates the method of extraction and purification and demonstrates its performance in gaining specific composition and its structure-activity relationship, which might lead the readers to a fresh horizon for developing advanced treatment strategies. It is recently reported that the conformation of LPs plays a vital role as biopolymers, such as selenized modification, microencapsulation, nanocomposite, liposome formulation, drug/hydrogel combinations, biosensor device, and synergistic effect with a vaccine. In addition, LPs showed a good thermodynamics profile, as these properties enable them to interact with additional supramolecular interaction by chemical modifications or copolymerization. Functional polymers that are responsive to various external stimuli, such as physical, chemical, and biological signals, are a promising study topic. Thus, LPs are emerging as a new biomaterial that can enhance intended formulation along exerting its inherent medicinal effects. It is hoped that this review will provide a basis for the utilization and further developments of licorice polysaccharides in the vast medium.

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Pharmacological Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Licorice-Derived Flavonoids

Cited by 16 publications

References 209 publications

Slower progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with external application of a Chinese herbal plaster–The randomized, placebo-controlled triple-blinded ALS-CHEPLA trial

Slower progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with external application of a Chinese herbal plaster–The randomized, placebo-controlled triple-blinded ALS-CHEPLA trial

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)-Derived Phytochemicals Target Multiple Signaling Pathways to Confer Oncopreventive and Oncotherapeutic Effects

Isolation, Characterization, Pharmacology and Biopolymer Applications of Licorice Polysaccharides: Review

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