Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Linum usitatissimum (Flaxseed) in infectious and non-infectious diarrhea

Palla, Amber Hanif; Khan, Naveed Ahmed; Bashir, Samra; Rehman, Najeeb Ur; Iqbal, Junaid; Gilani, Anwarul Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.030

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The etiology of diarrheal disorders is multifactorial, attributed to factors such as infectious agents, microorganisms and their toxins, increased fluid secretion, malabsorption of biliary salts[17], food allergies[18] and some medications, like antibiotics[19]. Diarrhea is responsible for up to 5 million deaths each year[20], especially of children of less than 5 years, corresponding to 500000 deaths annually in developing countries[21] and associated with factors such as poor home environments, undernutrition and lack of access to essential services[22]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maytenus erythroxylonReissek (Celastraceae) ethanol extract presents antidiarrheal activityviaantimotility and antisecretory mechanisms

Formiga

Quirino

Diniz

et al. 2017

WJG

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AIMTo investigate the acute toxicity, phytochemical profile, antidiarrheal activity and mechanisms of action of Maytenus erythroxylon (M. erythroxylon) ethanol extract.METHODSA castor oil-induced diarrhea model was used to evaluate antidiarrheal activity. Intestinal transit and gastric emptying protocols were used to evaluate a possible antimotility effect. KATP channels, nitric oxide, presynaptic α2-adrenergic and tissue adrenergic receptors were investigated to uncover antimotility mechanisms of action and castor oil-induced enteropooling to elucidate antisecretory mechanisms.RESULTSAll tested doses of the extract (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) possessed antidiarrheal activity, with a significant decrease of the evacuation index. This activity is possibly related to a reduced gastric emptying (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) and to a decreased percentage of intestinal transit for all tested doses. That last effect seems to be modulated by nitric oxide, KATP channels and tissue adrenergic receptors. Besides, the extract also presented antisecretory effect due to a decrease of intestinal fluid accumulation.CONCLUSIONThe antidiarrheal effect of M. erythroxylon found in this study involves antimotility and antisecretory mechanisms that may be attributed to the chemical compounds found in this species: saponins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes and steroids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maytenus erythroxylonReissek (Celastraceae) ethanol extract presents antidiarrheal activityviaantimotility and antisecretory mechanisms

Formiga

Quirino

Diniz

et al. 2017

WJG

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“…The spasmolytic, spasmogenic, and airway relaxant activities of Aa.Cr were studied by using isolated rabbit jejunum and trachea and guinea pig ileum (Abdur‐Rahman et al ., ; Palla et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Then, the crude extract and both the fractions were studied, at the concentration range of 0.01–10 mg/ml, for any spasmolytic or spasmogenic activity on these jejunum preparations. Under these experimental conditions, rabbit jejunum exhibits spontaneous rhythmic contractions, allowing the testing of spasmolytic activity directly without the use of an agonist (Palla et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pharmacological Evaluation of Gut Modulatory and Bronchodilator Activities of Achyranthes aspera Linn.

Rahman

Bashir

Mandukhail

et al. 2017

Phytotherapy Research

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Achyranthes aspera L. is traditionally used to relieve constipation, diarrhea, and asthma. Its crude extract (Aa.Cr) was evaluated through in vivo and ex vivo experiments to rationalize these medicinal uses of A. aspera and to provide their scientific basis. Aa.Cr, at 3 and 10 mg/kg, increased fecal output, similar to castor oil, whereas at 30, 100, 300, and 700 mg/kg, it protected against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice when administered orally. Aa.Cr caused spasmogenic effect on rabbit jejunum and guinea pig ileum preparations, which was partially inhibited by atropine while completely blocked by cyproheptadine preincubation. Aa.Cr also relaxed high K (80 mM)-induced contraction in rabbit jejunum. Aa.Cr inhibited CCh (100 μg/kg)-induced bronchospasm in rats, similar to aminophylline. Like dicyclomine, Aa.Cr relaxed high K and CCh (1 μM)-induced contractions in guinea pig trachea and caused rightwards parallel shift of CCh concentration-response curves at the lower concentrations followed by non-parallel shift at the higher concentrations. On activity-directed fractionation, spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities of Aa.Cr were concentrated in aqueous and organic fraction, respectively. This study suggests the presence of dose-specific laxative and antidiarrheal effects in A. aspera, possibly mediated through cyproheptadine-sensitive receptors and dual cholinergic and calcium channel blockade, respectively. The latter combination is also a suggested mechanism underlying its bronchodilator effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Group (2) (10 rats): PCOS was induced by administration of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) dissolved in sesame oil, administered at a dose of 6mg/100g body weight, daily by S/c route, for 30 days according to (Elizabeth et al, 2011). Group (3) (10 rats): flaxseed extract was given orally daily at a dose of 500 mg/kg after PCOS induction by DHA and the flaxseed dose lasted for 35 days according to (Palla et al, 2015). Group (4) (10 rats): alfalfa extract was given orally daily at a dose of 500 mg/kg after PCOS induction by DHA, and alfalfa doses lasted for 35 days according to (Esmaiel et al, 2015).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical effect of leuprolide, cabergoline and some herbals on ameliorating polycystic ovaries syndrome

Abouzaid

A.H

A.A.

et al. 2018

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

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A B S T R A C TPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgens\in females. Its Signs include irregular or no menstrual periods, heavy periods, excess body and facial hair, acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant, and patches of thick, darker, velvety skin. It could be a result from the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Many drugs used for treating this disease. Several hormones have been measured to evaluate PCOS (progesterone, Estradiol, Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Total Testosterone, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Prolactin and histopathological studies. Groups were classified as follow: Group (1) Control, Group (2) Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA only), Group (3) (DHEA and flaxseed), Group (4) (DHEA and alfalfa), Group (5) (DHEA and Soya), Group (6) (DHEA and Cabergoline), and Group (7) (DHEA and Leuproline). Results: DHEA in a dose of (1mg/kg) induced PCOS and it was clear by significant elevation of (LH/ FSH ratio, total testosterone, AMH, TSH, Prolactin) and a significant decrease in progesterone and estradiol. Leuproline was the best choice to decrease the symptoms of PCOS followed by cabergoline and the least but still effective were the herbals (Soya, flaxseed, and alfalfa). In conclusion, DHEA could be used for PCOS induction, Leuproline, cabergoline and phytoestrogen containing herbals could be used for treating PCOS symptoms.

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Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Linum usitatissimum (Flaxseed) in infectious and non-infectious diarrhea

Cited by 45 publications

References 36 publications

Maytenus erythroxylonReissek (Celastraceae) ethanol extract presents antidiarrheal activityviaantimotility and antisecretory mechanisms

Maytenus erythroxylonReissek (Celastraceae) ethanol extract presents antidiarrheal activityviaantimotility and antisecretory mechanisms

Pharmacological Evaluation of Gut Modulatory and Bronchodilator Activities of Achyranthes aspera Linn.

Biochemical effect of leuprolide, cabergoline and some herbals on ameliorating polycystic ovaries syndrome

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