Pharmacological applications of farnesol (C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>26</sub>O): a patent review

Delmondes, Gyllyandeson de Araújo; Lemos, Izabel Cristina Santiago; Dias, Diógenes de Queiroz; Cunha, Glacithane Lins da; Araújo, Isaac Moura; Barbosa, Roseli; Coutinho, Henrique Douglas Melo; Felipe, Cícero Francisco Bezerra; Barbosa-Filho, José Maria; Lima, Natanael Teles Ramos de; Menezes, Irwin Rose Alencar de; Kerntopf, Marta Regina

doi:10.1080/13543776.2020.1718653

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Isoprenoids are a family of phytochemicals that could trigger apoptosis as well as ROS buildup, mitochondrial disintegration, and elevated amounts of activated caspases in several cancer cell types [ 15 ]. An example of such an isoprenoid is farnesol, a 15-carbon compound, found in orange peel, strawberries, and chamomile, as well as essential oils including lemongrass, musk, citronella, rose, tolu, cyclamen, balsam, and tuberose [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO)‐Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)‐Chitosan‐Farnesol Nanocomposites and Assessment of Their Anticancer Potential in Human Leukemic MOLT‐4 Cell Line

Elderdery

Alzahrani

Hamza

et al. 2022

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications

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Leukemia is the most prevalent cancer in children and one of the most common and deadly cancers that affect adults. Several metal oxide nanoparticles, biopolymers, and phytochemicals have been discovered to target cancer cells selectively while inflicting low to no damage to healthy cells. Among the existing nanoparticle synthesis methodologies, biologically synthesized nanoparticles using phytochemicals have emerged as a straightforward, economical, and environmentally sound strategy. The synergistic antitumor potential of ZnO-TiO2-chitosan-farnesol nanocomposites (NCs) against leukemia MOLT-4 cells was investigated in the current study. After synthesizing the NCs, characterization of the same was carried out using XRD, DLS, FESEM, TEM, PL, EDX, and FTIR spectroscopy. To analyze its anticancer activity, MOLT-4 cells were cultured and treated at diverse dosages of NCs. The cell viability upon treatment was examined by MTT assay. The morphological and nuclear modifications were observed by dual staining. ROS and MMP levels were observed by DCFH-DA staining and Rh-123 dye, respectively. Furthermore, the caspase 3, 8, and 9 levels were examined by performing ELISA. The XRD patterns exhibited a hexagonal structure of the NCs. In the DLS spectrum, the hydrodynamic diameter of the NCs was observed to be 126.2 nm. The electrostatic interface between the ZnO-TiO2-chitosan-farnesol NCs was confirmed by the FTIR spectra. A significant loss of cell viability in a dosage-dependent trend confirmed the cytotoxic effect of the NCs. An elevated ROS level and MMP depletion suggested apoptosis-associated cell death via the intrinsic pathway, which was confirmed by elevated expressions of caspase 3, 8, and 9 markers. Thus, the results showed that the synthesized NCs demonstrated a remarkable anticancer potential against leukemic cells and can be potentially valuable in cancer treatments. The findings from this study conclude that this is a new approach for modifying the physicochemical characteristics of ZnO-TiO2-chitosan-farnesol composites to increase their properties and synergistically exhibit anticancer properties in human leukemic cancer cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO)‐Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)‐Chitosan‐Farnesol Nanocomposites and Assessment of Their Anticancer Potential in Human Leukemic MOLT‐4 Cell Line

Elderdery

Alzahrani

Hamza

et al. 2022

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications

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“…Recently, natural products such as essential oils have been extensively explored for their possible pharmacological effect, especially for their cardioprotective potency [ 8 , 9 ]. Chemically, farnesol (FSN) is an alcoholic sesquiterpene used in the cleansing and cosmetic industry and which is generally considered safe [ 9 ]. Moreover, FSN is approved by the FDA for consumption by humans as a flavoring agent [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farnesol Protects against Cardiotoxicity Caused by Doxorubicin-Induced Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death: An In Vivo Study in Wistar Rats

et al. 2022

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Doxorubicin (DOXO) is an antineoplastic drug that is used extensively in managing multiple cancer types. However, DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity is a limiting factor for its widespread use and considerably affects patients’ quality of life. Farnesol (FSN) is a sesquiterpene with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Thus, the current study explored the cardioprotective effect of FSN against DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity. In this study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7) and treated for 14 days. Group I (Control): normal saline, p.o. daily for 14 days; Group II (TOXIC): DOXO 2.4 mg/kg, i.p, thrice weekly for 14 days; Group III: FSN 100 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 14 days + DOXO similar to Group II; Group IV: FSN 200 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 14 days + DOXO similar to Group II; Group V (Standard): nifedipine 10 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 14 days + DOXO similar to Group II. At the end of the study, animals were weighed, blood was collected, and heart-weight was measured. The cardiac tissue was used to estimate biochemical markers and for histopathological studies. The observed results revealed that the FSN-treated group rats showed decrease in heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio, reversed the oxidative stress, cardiac-specific injury markers, proinflammatory and proapoptotic markers and histopathological aberrations towards normal, and showed cardioprotection. In summary, the FSN reduces cardiac injuries caused by DOXO via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic potential. However, more detailed mechanism-based studies are needed to bring this drug into clinical use.

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“…Phytol can exhibit neuroprotective properties such as anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects (Islam et al ., 2018) . Farnesol is a potential cardio-protective, antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective compound (Delmondes et al ., 2020) . This compound acts like a vasodilator and natural calcium channel blocker to reduce hypertension and exhibits bioactivities against disorders directly linked to high-altitude illnesses such as asthma, edema, and inflammation (Delmondes et al ., 2020;Chen et al ., 2019) .…”

Section: The Bioactive Compounds Of Tongba and Their Therapeutic Effe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Himalayan ethnic beverage tongba with therapeutic properties in high-altitude illnesses and metabolomic similarities to Japanese sake

Majumder

Chakraborty

Ghosh

et al. 2022

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Alimentaria

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Tongba, a millet-based fermented ethnic drink of the Limbu and other Nepalese-Tibetan communities, is consumed in the highlands of Singalila Ridge of the Himalayas and the adjoining high-altitude places of Nepal, the northern and north-eastern parts of India, and the Tibetan Plateau and is valued for its ethnomedicinal properties. In this research, the GCMS-based metabolite profiling of an authentic sample of tongba was carried out, identifying various bioactive metabolites. Several biologically active components, such as glycoside, amino acids, fatty acids, and other long-chain hydrocarbon derivatives, terpenoids and phenol, were detected in tongba, which have therapeutic properties against various high-altitude illnesses. Probable biosynthesis routes of those compounds in tongba’s broth were also studied, where many similarities were noticed with the Japanese beverage sake. The key finding of this metabolomic investigation was the detection of bioactive ethyl-α-D-glucopyranoside and cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) with abundant peak areas, which confirmed tongba’s therapeutic importance in high-altitude illnesses and its metabolomic similarities with sake.

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Pharmacological applications of farnesol (C₁₅H₂₆O): a patent review

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

[Retracted] Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO)‐Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)‐Chitosan‐Farnesol Nanocomposites and Assessment of Their Anticancer Potential in Human Leukemic MOLT‐4 Cell Line

[Retracted] Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO)‐Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)‐Chitosan‐Farnesol Nanocomposites and Assessment of Their Anticancer Potential in Human Leukemic MOLT‐4 Cell Line

Farnesol Protects against Cardiotoxicity Caused by Doxorubicin-Induced Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death: An In Vivo Study in Wistar Rats

The Himalayan ethnic beverage tongba with therapeutic properties in high-altitude illnesses and metabolomic similarities to Japanese sake

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Pharmacological applications of farnesol (C15H26O): a patent review

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

[Retracted] Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO)‐Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)‐Chitosan‐Farnesol Nanocomposites and Assessment of Their Anticancer Potential in Human Leukemic MOLT‐4 Cell Line

[Retracted] Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO)‐Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)‐Chitosan‐Farnesol Nanocomposites and Assessment of Their Anticancer Potential in Human Leukemic MOLT‐4 Cell Line

Farnesol Protects against Cardiotoxicity Caused by Doxorubicin-Induced Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death: An In Vivo Study in Wistar Rats

The Himalayan ethnic beverage tongba with therapeutic properties in high-altitude illnesses and metabolomic similarities to Japanese sake

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Pharmacological applications of farnesol (C₁₅H₂₆O): a patent review