Pharmacological and histopathological characterization of Bothrops lanceolatus (Fer de lance) venom-induced edema

Abstract

B. lanceolatus venom produced dose- and time-dependent edema in rat paws. This edema was not dependent on low molecular weight substances in the venom, but was partially dependent on a hemorrhagin and also involved the release of arachidonic acid metabolites, bradykinin, histamine and serotonin.

Bothrops lanceolatus Bites: Guidelines for Severity Assessment and Emergent Management

“…The characteristic thrombotic effect described in human envenoming is not reproduced in the mouse model. Oedema is partially dependent on a “hemorrhagin” and involve the release of arachidonic acid metabolites (by either cyclooxygenase or lipooxygenase), bradykinin, histamine, and serotonin [13]. Both polyvalent Crotalinae and monospecific B. lanceolatus antivenom were shown to immunodeplete B. lanceolatus venoms in vitro and to be fully effective in mice in neutralizing the lethal, hemorrhagic, oedema-forming, myotoxic, and indirect hemolytic activities of the venom [7,14,15].…”

Inflammatory mediators involved in the paw edema and hyperalgesia induced by Batroxase, a metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops atrox snake venom

“…Dexamethasone is widely effective in experimental models of paw edema induced by snake venoms as B. asper [14], B. jararaca [55], B. moojeni [32], B. insularis [1] and B. lanceolatus [34]. In the present study, the edema and hyperalgesia induced by Batroxase were significantly reduced by this steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.…”

“…In the present study, pretreatment of animals with HOE-140 (selective B 2 receptor antagonist) or DALBK (selective B 1 receptor antagonist) did not reduce the paw edema induced by Batroxase, which indicates that bradykinin is not involved in this response. Guimarães et al [34] and De Faria et al [21] showed the involvement of bradykinin in paw edema induced by B. lanceolatus venom, however, this mediator did not show to be related to the paw edema induced by the venoms of B. asper [12] and B. jararaca [76].…”

“…Histamine was also described as a key mediator of the edema induced by different snake venoms, including those of B. lanceolatus [34] and Lachesis muta rhombeata [68]. Barbosa et al [1] showed that histamine, but not serotonin, may be involved in the inflammatory process induced by B. insularis venom.…”

“…It's well known that several snake venoms and isolated toxins can cause edema, as reported for the venoms of B. lanceolatus [34], B. jararaca [76] and B. insularis [1], and also hyperalgesia, as described for B. asper [12] and B. jararaca [5] venoms.…”