Pharmacological activities of ginsenoside Rg5 (Review)

Li, Mingyang; Liu, Fei; Gao, Yanli; Yin, Jing; Yan, Weiqun; Liu, Jianguo; Li, Haijun

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10272

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Results of available pharmacological studies of ginsenoside Rg5 conducted in several in vitro (Supplemental Table S1 in Supplement 1) and in vivo (Supplemental Table S6 in Supplement 1) experimental animal models of neurological, inflammatory, metabolic disorders, and cancer have been recently reviewed [54]. It was concluded that ginsenoside Rg5 has the potential as an anticancer and anti-inflammatory drug, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairments, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations

Panossian¹,

Abdelfatah

Efferth

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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Numerous in vitro studies on isolated cells have been conducted to uncover the molecular mechanisms of action of Panax ginseng Meyer root extracts and purified ginsenosides. However, the concentrations of ginsenosides and the extracts used in these studies were much higher than those detected in pharmacokinetic studies in humans and animals orally administered with ginseng preparations at therapeutic doses. Our study aimed to assess: (a) the effects of ginsenoside Rg5, the major “rare” ginsenoside of Red Ginseng, on gene expression in the murine neuronal cell line HT22 in a wide range of concentrations, from 10−4 to 10−18 M, and (b) the effects of differentially expressed genes on cellular and physiological functions in organismal disorders and diseases. Gene expression profiling was performed by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray analyses in HT22 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg5. Ginsenoside Rg5 exhibits soft-acting effects on gene expression of neuronal cells in a wide range of physiological concentrations and strong reversal impact at high (toxic) concentration: significant up- or downregulation of expression of about 300 genes at concentrations from 10−6 M to 10−18 M, and dramatically increased both the number of differentially expressed target genes (up to 1670) and the extent of their expression (fold changes compared to unexposed cells) at a toxic concentration of 10−4 M. Network pharmacology analyses of genes’ expression profiles using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software showed that at low physiological concentrations, ginsenoside Rg5 has the potential to activate the biosynthesis of cholesterol and to exhibit predictable effects in senescence, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and immune response, suggesting soft-acting, beneficial effects on organismal death, movement disorders, and cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations

Panossian¹,

Abdelfatah

Efferth

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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“…Ginsenoside-Rh4 belonging to the proto-panaxatriol group has been reported to have anticancer effects. Ginsenoside- Rh5 is a minority deglycosylated ginsenosides, which has been reported to have multiple biological properties such as anti-cancer, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective [ 44 ]. The gomisin family is known for its hepatoprotective action, but the sole effect of gomisin B is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A network pharmacology approach to explore the potential role of Panax ginseng on exercise performance

Kim

Lee²,

Kim

et al. 2021

Phys Act Nutr

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[Purpose] As Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) exhibits various physiological activities and is associated with exercise, we investigated the potential active components of ginseng and related target genes through network pharmacological analysis. Additionally, we analyzed the association between ginseng-related genes, such as the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and improved exercise capacity.[Methods] Active compounds in ginseng and the related target genes were searched in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Gene ontology functional analysis was performed to identify biological processes related to the collected genes, and a compound-target network was visualized using Cytoscape 3.7.2.[Results] A total of 21 ginseng active compounds were detected, and 110 targets regulated by 17 active substances were identified. We found that the active compound protein was involved in the biological process of adrenergic receptor activity in 80%, G-protein-coupled neurotransmitter in 10%, and leucocyte adhesion to arteries in 10%. Additionally, the biological response centered on adrenergic receptor activity showed a close relationship with G protein through the beta-1 adrenergic receptor gene reactivity.[Conclusion] According to bioavailability analysis, ginseng comprises 21 active compounds. Furthermore, we investigated the ginseng-stimulated gene activation using ontology analysis. GPCR, a gene upregulated by ginseng, is positively correlated to exercise. Therefore, if a study on this factor is conducted, it will provide useful basic data for improving exercise performance and health.

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“…Ginsenoside Rg3 Ginsenoside Rg3 has anti-cancer activity and has been demonstrated in many types of cancer, including BC ( Liu M. Y. et al, 2021 ). It has been reported that two epimers of ginsenoside Rg3, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (SRg3) and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (RRg3), can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells, respectively ( Nakhjavani et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Anti-breast Cancer Activity Of Ginsenosidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-cancer effect and potential microRNAs targets of ginsenosides against breast cancer

et al. 2022

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Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumor, the incidence of which has increased worldwide in recent years. Ginsenosides are the main active components of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that ginsenosides have significant anti-cancer activity, including BC. It is reported that ginsenosides can induce BC cells apoptosis, inhibit BC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as autophagy and angiogenesis, thereby suppress the procession of BC. In this review, the therapeutic effects and the molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides on BC will be summarized. And the combination strategy of ginsenosides with other drugs on BC will also be discussed. In addition, epigenetic changes, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) targeted by ginsenosides in the treatment of BC are clarified.

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Pharmacological activities of ginsenoside Rg5 (Review)

Cited by 22 publications

References 75 publications

Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations

Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations

A network pharmacology approach to explore the potential role of Panax ginseng on exercise performance

Anti-cancer effect and potential microRNAs targets of ginsenosides against breast cancer

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