Pharmacological Activities and Phytochemicals of Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep) R.M.Sm

Abstract

Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep) R.M.Sm. (Zingiberaceae family) is commonly found in Southeast Asia. The rhizome of the plant is used as a spice and folk medicine in southeastern Thailand and Cambodia. The extracts, essential oil, and compounds from E. pavieana were found to possess a variety of pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiatherogenic, and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, phytochemical studies have reported the presence of various chemical constituents, the main being phenylpropanoids such as trans-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (MCD) and 4-methoxycinnamyl p-coumarate (MCC). Therefore, E. pavieana seems to be a potential source of natural products for treatment of various diseases and promotion of good health.

Down regulation of glutathione and glutamate cysteine ligase in the inflammatory response of macrophages

“…GSH content is temporally changed during the inflammatory response. In the early phase, its biosynthesis and content are decreased [26][27][28][29]; and in the late phase, the biosynthesis and content of GSH are increased [29,30]. This temporal alteration of GSH content is coincident with the inflammatory progress, with lower GSH level corresponding to the initiation phase when H 2 O 2 production is increased (e.g., by NADPH oxidase production of superoxide which then dismutates to H 2 O 2 ) and an oxidative milieu is needed (e.g., for activation of NF-κB and elimination of pathogens), and higher GSH content corresponding to the resolution phase when oxidative damage needs to be repaired and pro-inflammatory signals need to be silenced.…”

Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity, Mode of Action and Volatile Compounds of Etlingera pavieana Essential Oil

“…The volatile compositions of EOEP from the rhizome were characterized by a headspace solid-phase microextraction system (HS-SPME) using a 50/30 μm divinylbenzene (DVB)/ polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA), according to the method of Morales-Soto et al [ 5 ] and Saoudi et al [ 6 ] with some modifications. The EOEP, 0.5 g, was weighed and 4.5 mL of ethyl ether was added to a SMPE vial of 15 mL fitted with a screw cap.…”

“…In the work of Tachai [2], who analyzed the hydrodistilled essential oil from dried rhizomes of E. pavieana in the Chantaburi province, Thailand, trans-anethole (48.6%), p-anisaldehyde (13.8%), δ-cadinene (7.2%), trans-methyl isoeugenol (2.7%) and α-cadinol (2.4%) were the major components. Furthermore, a series of phenylpropanoids, such as 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde, 4-methoxycinnamyl p-coumarate, 4-methoxycinnamyl alcohol and p-coumaric acid, have been extracted from the rhizome of E. pavieana from Thailand [3,5]. In addition, terpenes (monoterpene hydrocarbons and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons) and terpenoids (oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes) were found in small proportions in the essential oil of E. pavieana [2,10].…”

“…The sample was kept under stirring at 40 • C and desorbed for 20 min in the GC injector at 250 • C. Analysis was done in triplicate. The GC-MS analysis of SPME extracts was carried out as described by Morales-Soto et al [5]. Briefly, the volatile compounds were identified by comparison with mass spectra from NIST/EPA/NIH databases and confirmed in many cases by the comparison of their retention indices with databases (http://www.pherobase.com) and the ADAMS library.…”

“…In a local Thai food, known as Moo Lieng noodle, which is a traditional dish in Chantaburi and Trad province, it is used as the main ingredient. There is some research evidence to demonstrate its antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes , and it has also been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities in human breasts [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. However, its bioactivities are largely varied, depending upon factors, such as plant parts, extraction method employed and the solvent used [ 4 ].…”