Pharmacologic evidence for role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in neuroprotective mechanism of ischemic postconditioning in mice

Gulati, Puja; Singh, Nirmal; Muthuraman, Arunachalam

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.015

“…After the removal of the bilateral carotid artery ligation, considering the large extent of the behavioral and learning disturbances in these models, we found that functions were generally maintained after BPC 157 treatment. Notably, severely impaired locomotion capabilities including a lack of fore and hind limb motor coordination and resistance to lateral pushes from either side of the shoulder, are regular in control stroke rats (Gulati, Singh, & Muthuraman, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…After the removal of the bilateral carotid artery ligation, considering the large extent of the behavioral and learning disturbances in these models, we found that functions were generally maintained after BPC 157 treatment. Notably, severely impaired locomotion capabilities including a lack of fore and hind limb motor coordination and resistance to lateral pushes from either side of the shoulder, are regular in control stroke rats (Gulati, Singh, & Muthuraman, 2014). Likewise, the Morris water maze test, which strongly correlates with hippocampal synaptic plasticity and NMDA receptor function (Vorhees & Williams, 2006), involves the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, the prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, the neostriatum and perhaps even the cerebellum in a more limited way (Vorhees & Williams, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats

Vukojević

¹

,

Vrdoljak

²

,

Malekinusic

³

et al. 2020

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Background and purpose We focused on the, yet undescribed, therapy effect of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries, after bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries in rats. The background is the proven therapy effect of BPC 157 in ischemia/reperfusion injuries in different tissues. Furthermore, there is the subsequent oxidative stress counteraction, particularly when given during reperfusion. The recovering effect it has on occluded vessels, results with activation of the alternative pathways, bypassing the occlusion in deep vein thrombosis. Finally, the BPC 157 therapy benefits with its proposed role as a novel mediator of Roberts’ cytoprotection and bidirectional effects in the gut‐brain axis. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats underwent bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries for a 20‐min period. At 30 s thereafter, we applied medication (BPC 157 10 µg/kg; or saline) as a 1 ml bath directly to the operated area, that is, trigonum caroticum. We documented, in reperfusion, the resolution of the neuronal damages sustained in the brain, resolution of the damages reflected in memory, locomotion, and coordination disturbances, with the presentation of the particular genes expression in hippocampal tissues. Results In the operated rats, at 24 and 72 hr of the reperfusion, the therapy counteracted both early and delayed neural hippocampal damage, achieving full functional recovery (Morris water maze test, inclined beam‐walking test, lateral push test). mRNA expression studies at 1 and 24 hr, provided strongly elevated ( Egr1, Akt1, Kras, Src, Foxo, Srf, Vegfr2, Nos3, and Nos1 ) and decreased ( Nos2, Nfkb ) gene expression ( Mapk1 not activated), as a way how BPC 157 may act. Conclusion Together, these findings suggest that these beneficial BPC 157 effects may provide a novel therapeutic solution for stroke.

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“…The most common clinical treatments for stroke are drug therapy and thrombolytic therapy. Both of these treatments have a high risk of complications and so do not improve stroke prognosis [ 34 – 37 ]. Nutritional support therapy is an important intervention in the treatment of acute severe stroke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Probiotics in Stroke Treatment

Zhong

¹

,

Li

²

,

Ma

³

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the curative effect of probiotics combined with enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with stroke. Methods. We retrieved randomized controlled trials and case-controlled trials on the use of probiotics for stroke treatment from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu databases. Retrieval times were from the databases’ inception to November 6, 2020. Two researchers conducted a strict evaluation of the literature quality and extracted the data, which were then entered into RevMan 5.3 for meta-analysis. Results. Twenty-three articles were included, including 1,816 patients. The meta-analysis revealed that probiotics combined with EN did not reduce NIHSS scores of patients with stroke ( P > 0.05 ). However, it did shorten hospital stays and bedrest periods ( P < 0.05 ). Probiotics combined with EN also improved patients’ nutritional status and increased hemoglobin, albumin, serum total protein, and physical and chemical properties of prealbumin ( P < 0.05 ). In terms of relieving inflammation, we found that probiotics combined with EN reduced neither high-sensitivity C-reactive protein nor procalcitonin ( P > 0.05 ). However, it did cause a significant reduction in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Probiotics combined with EN significantly reduced esophageal reflux, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, gastric retention, and gastrointestinal bleeding. It relieved intestinal stress and reduced the occurrence of adverse reactions such as esophageal reflux, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, gastric retention, and gastrointestinal bleeding ( P < 0.05 ). In terms of reducing stroke complications, probiotics combined with EN reduced the incidence of lung, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract infections ( P < 0.05 ). It also reduced fatality rates and intestinal flora imbalance rates ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The probiotics combined with EN group’s therapeutic effects were superior to those of the EN alone. Thus, probiotics combined with EN is worthy of both clinical application and promotion in stroke treatment.

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“…The key factor for treatment is improving blood circulation in the ischemic area as soon as possible, eliminating secondary edema, and restoring the normal metabolism and nerve function of brain cells. The current treatment for this IS is mainly through intravenous drug thrombolysis, arterial thrombolysis, nonstent mechanical thrombectomy, and stent mechanical thrombectomy treatment [ 57 ]. Among them, intravenous drug thrombolytic treatment time is stricter (3–4.5 h in acute cerebrovascular occlusion), the recanalization rate of large artery occlusion is low, and the treatment effect is relatively poor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction Combined with Western Medicine on Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review

Zhong

¹

,

Li

²

,

Lan

³

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the curative effect of Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction (TQHXD) combined with Western medicine treatment (WMT) on Ischemic Stroke (IS). Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TQHXD in the treatment of IS by computer retrieval of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Database. The retrieval time was taken from the establishment of the database to July 30, 2020. Two researchers, respectively, conducted a strict evaluation of the quality of the literature and extracted the data which were then entered in the RevMan5.3 software for meta-analysis. Results. 40 articles were listed, which involved 3260 patients. Meta-analysis results show that TQHXD combined with WMT can significantly reduce patients’ NIHSS score, serum hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasma viscosity, serum fibrinogen, serum total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides and improve patients’ ADL-Barthel scoring and treatment efficiency. However, there is no evidence that TQHXD combined with the WMT group can significantly decrease the incidence of adverse events. Conclusion. The therapeutic effect of TQHXD combined with the WMT group was significantly better than that of the WMT alone group. For the treatment of patients with IS, TQHXD combined with WMT is worthy of application and promotion.

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Pharmacologic evidence for role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in neuroprotective mechanism of ischemic postconditioning in mice

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats

The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats

The Effect of Probiotics in Stroke Treatment

Effect of Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction Combined with Western Medicine on Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review

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