Pharmacologic Considerations of Anesthetic Agents in Pediatric Patients

Kaye, Alan D.; Fox, Charles J.; Padnos, Ira W.; Ehrhardt, Ken P.; Diaz, James H.; Cornett, Elyse M.; Chandler, Debbie; Sen, Sudipta; Patil, Shilpadevi

doi:10.1016/j.anclin.2017.01.012

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, inter-subject opioid pharmacological variability is very well established in the literature. 1,2 Furthermore, both HR and BP are influenced by other factors, including notably hypnotic anaesthetic agent blood concentration and haemodynamic status, and have been shown to be poor predictors of analgesic requirements. 3 Over the past decade, many devices have been proposed to fill the role of analgesia monitoring both intraoperatively and after operation, and some have led to publications with promising results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the analgesia nociception index for monitoring intraoperative analgesia in children

Julien-Marsollier

Rachdi

Caballero

et al. 2018

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the analgesia nociception index for monitoring intraoperative analgesia in children

Julien-Marsollier

Rachdi

Caballero

et al. 2018

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…It has a lower blood-gas partition coefficient than other volatile anaesthetics, which allows rapid induction of anaesthesia and quick reawakening. Because it does not cause irritation, acts as bronchodilator, and barely has any smell, it is the anaesthetic of choice in children ( 60 ), especially those with respiratory infections, airway hyper-reactivity, and seasonal allergies ( 61 ).…”

Section: Inhalational (Volatile) Anaestheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desflurane (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) has the blood-gas partition coefficient lower than any other anaesthetic, which grants rapid recovery from general anaesthesia. It is contraindicated in children because of its pungent smell, which makes children hold their breath, cough, and salivate profusely ( 61 ).…”

Section: Inhalational (Volatile) Anaestheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress under general intravenous and inhalation anaesthesia

Kundović

Rašić

Popović

et al. 2020

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) production overwhelms cell protection by antioxidants. This review is focused on general anaesthesia-induced oxidative stress because it increases the rate of complications and delays recovery after surgery. It is important to know what effects of anaesthetics to expect in terms of oxidative stress, particularly in surgical procedures with high ROS production, because their either additive or antagonistic effect may be pivotal for the outcome of surgery. In vitro and animal studies on this topic are numerous but show large variability. There are not many human studies and what we know has been learned from different surgical procedures measuring different endpoints in blood samples taken mostly before and after surgery. In these studies most intravenous anaesthetics have antioxidative properties, while volatile anaesthetics temporarily increase oxidative stress in longer surgical procedures.

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“…Pediatric anesthesia is a unique specialty of anesthesia that focuses on neonates, infants, children, and adolescents, and its practice differs in several important ways from anesthesia in adults. Overall morbidity and mortality surrounding anesthesia are higher in infants compared to adults (1,3). A thorough understanding of the differences between children and adult anesthesia is important for anesthesiologists managing pediatric patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A thorough understanding of the differences between children and adult anesthesia is important for anesthesiologists managing pediatric patients. Because of the small number of clinical studies reviewing the suggested dosing of anesthetic agents in pediatric patients, anesthesiologists often have limited evidence to draw from when calculating dosing for this group of patients (3). Even within this age group, anesthesiologists must be cognizant of intra-populational variation between neonates, infants, children, and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetic Agents in Pediatric Patients, A Comprehensive Review of Pharmacological Considerations in Clinical Practice

Kaye

Jeha

Renschler

et al. 2020

MRAJ

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Pediatric anesthesia is a specialized subset of general anesthesia that differs in several important ways from adult anesthesia. This field focuses on the routine care of neonates, infants, children and adolescents and includes a thorough preoperative evaluation, patient and parent preparation, induction of anesthesia, maintenance of anesthesia and emergence from anesthesia There are important differences pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics that must be considered and a thorough understanding of the differences between anesthesia in children and adults. In this review these important differences between pediatric anesthesia and adult anesthesia are discussed. The present investigation also describes relevant pharmacology and the techniques required for the preparation, intubation, induction of anesthesia, and maintenance of anesthesia in pediatric patients. Finally, newer drug considerations in the pediatric population, such as magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant drug and albuterol for children undergoing tonsillectomy, are reviewed.

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Pharmacologic Considerations of Anesthetic Agents in Pediatric Patients

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluation of the analgesia nociception index for monitoring intraoperative analgesia in children

Evaluation of the analgesia nociception index for monitoring intraoperative analgesia in children

Oxidative stress under general intravenous and inhalation anaesthesia

Anesthetic Agents in Pediatric Patients, A Comprehensive Review of Pharmacological Considerations in Clinical Practice

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