Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin after subcutaneous injection in North American bison (<i>Bison bison</i>)

Bachtold, Kali; Alcorn, Jane; Matus, Johanna L.; Boison, Joe O.; Woodbury, Murray R.

doi:10.1111/jvp.12222

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…We collected a fecal sample from each individual to assess fecal glucocorticoids as a representation of baseline stress before captures and drew 20 mL of blood via venipuncture of the jugular to evaluate levels of serum cortisol. We administered prophylactics (tulathromycin 2 mL IM; concentration of 100 mg/mL; Draxxin®, Zoetis Animal Health, Parsippany, NJ, USA; Bachtold 2014) to all animals that sustained an injury during capture. We treated all individuals with body temperature ≥40°C with a pain reliever‐fever reducer (flunixin meglumine 1.5 mL intravenously [IV]; concentration of 50 mg/mL; Prevail TM , VetOne® Boise, ID, USA), and with a cold‐water enema or an external application of cold water and snow to reduce body temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Partial Sedation to Reduce Stress in Captured Mule Deer

et al. 2020

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Information garnered from the capture and handling of free-ranging animals helps advance understanding of wildlife ecology and can aid in decisions on wildlife management. Unfortunately, animals may experience increased levels of stress, injuries, and death resulting from captures (e.g., exertional myopathy, trauma). Partial sedation is a technique proposed to alleviate stress in animals during capture, yet efficacy of partial sedation for reducing stress and promoting survival post-capture remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of partial sedation on physiological, biochemical, and behavioral indicators of acute stress and probability of survival post-capture for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) that were captured via helicopter net-gunning in the eastern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA. We administered 10-30 mg of midazolam and 15 mg of azaperone intramuscularly (IM) to 32 mule deer in 2016 and 53 mule deer in 2017, and maintained a control group (captured but not sedated) of 38 mule deer in 2016 and 54 mule deer in 2017. To evaluate indicators of acute stress, we measured heart rate, blood-oxygen saturation, body temperature, respiration rate, and levels of serum cortisol. We recorded number of kicks and vocalizations of deer during handling and evaluated behavior during release. We also measured levels of fecal glucocorticoids as an indicator of baseline stress. Midazolam and azaperone did not reduce physiological, biochemical, or behavioral indicators of acute stress or influence probability of survival post-capture. Mule deer that were administered midazolam and azaperone, however, were more likely to hesitate, stumble or fall, and walk during release compared with individuals in the control group, which were more likely to trot, stot, or run without stumbling or falling. Our findings suggest that midazolam (10-30 mg IM) and azaperone (15 mg IM) may not yield physiological or demographic benefits for captured mule deer as previously assumed and may pose adverse effects that can complicate safety for captured animals, including drug-induced lethargy. Although we failed to find efficacy of midazolam and azaperone

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Partial Sedation to Reduce Stress in Captured Mule Deer

et al. 2020

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Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin on plasma and semen of beef bulls

et al. 2022

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Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics and distribution of tulathromycin in interstitial and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid in healthy calves

Mzyk¹,

Bublitz²,

Hobgood³

et al. 2018

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To compare the plasma pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin between 3-week-old (preweaned) and 6-month-old (weaned) calves and to characterize the distribution of tulathromcyin into pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) of preweaned and weaned calves following SC administration of a single dose (2.5 mg/kg). ANIMALS 8 healthy 3-week-old and 8 healthy 6-month-old Holstein steers. PROCEDURES A jugular catheter and SC ultrafiltration probe were aseptically placed in the neck of each calf before tulathromycin administration. Blood, ISF, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected at predetermined times before and after tulathromycin administration for quantification of drug concentration. A urea dilution method was used to estimate tulathromycin concentration in PELF from that in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Tulathromycin–plasma protein binding was determined by in vitro methods. Plasma pharmacokinetics were determined by a 2-compartment model. Pharmacokinetic parameters and drug concentrations were compared between preweaned and weaned calves. RESULTS Clearance and volume of distribution per fraction of tulathromycin absorbed were significantly greater for weaned calves than preweaned calves. Tulathromycin–plasma protein binding was significantly greater for weaned calves than preweaned calves. Maximum PELF tulathromycin concentration was significantly greater than the maximum plasma and maximum ISF tulathromycin concentrations in both groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that age affected multiple pharmacokinetic parameters of tulathromycin, likely owing to physiologic changes as calves mature from preruminants to ruminants. Knowledge of those changes may be useful in the development of studies to evaluate potential dose adjustments during treatment of calves with respiratory tract disease.

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Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin after subcutaneous injection in North American bison (Bison bison)

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Effectiveness of Partial Sedation to Reduce Stress in Captured Mule Deer

Effectiveness of Partial Sedation to Reduce Stress in Captured Mule Deer

Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin on plasma and semen of beef bulls

Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics and distribution of tulathromycin in interstitial and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid in healthy calves

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