Pharmacokinetics of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the rat

Santana, G. C.; Freire, A.C.T.; Ferreira, Ana Paula; Cháves-Olórtegui, C.; Diniz, Carlos R.; Freire-Maia, L.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(96)00050-5

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The pharmacokinetic profile of TsTX found in sc injected adult rats was similar to that reported with the use of crude venom (23). The present data indicate higher and faster absorption and distribution in young rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Due to these differences in disposition of the toxin between children and adults, pharmacological interventions in children after scorpion envenomation need to be further investigated. These data are important considering that in experimental models with adult animals the pharmacokinetic data for scorpion antivenom are different from those for scorpion venom (23,31,32). Antivenom absorption is lower, as also is its distribution from blood to tissues compared to venom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacokinetic studies of the venom of several scorpions have been reported in the literature (10,11,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Santana et al (23) have explained the disposition of scorpion venom in adult animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Santana et al (23) have explained the disposition of scorpion venom in adult animals. The venom exhibits a rapid absorption, extensive distribution from blood to tissue and slow elimination from the organism (23). However, the influence of age and body weight on the disposition of the various toxins of scorpion venom has not been studied in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age effects on the pharmacokinetics of tityustoxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in rats

Nunan

Arya

Hochhaus

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The pharmacokinetics of scorpion venom and its toxins has been investigated in experimental models using adult animals, although, severe scorpion accidents are associated more frequently with children. We compared the effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of tityustoxin, one of the most active principles of Tityus serrulatus venom, in young male/female rats (21-22 days old, N = 5-8) and in adult male rats (150-160 days old, N = 5-8). Tityustoxin (6 µg) labeled with 99m Technetium was administered subcutaneously to young and adult rats. The plasma concentration vs time data were subjected to non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis to obtain estimates of various pharmacokinetic parameters such as total body clearance (CL/ F), distribution volume (Vd/F), area under the curve (AUC), and mean residence time. The data were analyzed with and without considering body weight. The data without correction for body weight showed a higher C max (62.30 ± 7.07 vs 12.71 ± 2.11 ng/ml, P < 0.05) and AUC (296.49 ± 21.09 vs 55.96 ± 5.41 ng h -1 ml -1 , P < 0.05) and lower T max (0.64 ± 0.19 vs 2.44 ± 0.49 h, P < 0.05) in young rats. Furthermore, Vd/F (0.15 vs 0.42 l/kg) and CL/F (0.02 ± 0.001 vs 0.11 ± 0.01 l h -1 kg -1 , P < 0.05) were lower in young rats. However, when the data were reanalyzed taking body weight into consideration, the C max (40.43 ± 3.25 vs 78.21 ± 11.23 ng kg -1 ml -1 , P < 0.05) and AUC (182.27 ± 11.74 vs 344.62 ± 32.11 ng h -1 ml -1 , P < 0.05) were lower in young rats. The clearance (0.03 ± 0.002 vs 0.02 ± 0.002 l h -1 kg -1 , P < 0.05) and Vd/F (0.210 vs 0.067 l/kg) were higher in young rats. The raw data (not adjusted for body weight) strongly suggest that age plays a pivotal role in the disposition of tityustoxin. Furthermore, our results also indicate that the differences in the severity of symptoms observed in children and adults after scorpion envenomation can be explained in part by differences in the pharmacokinetics of the toxin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Age effects on the pharmacokinetics of tityustoxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in rats

Nunan

Arya

Hochhaus

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…KULKARNI et al, reported unilateral pulmonary edema in a 28-year old patient who presented with manifestations of acute left ventricular failure following scorpion sting 22 . In another study SANTANA et al, reported that after subcutaneous injection of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom, unilateral pulmonary edema was induced in three of six rats 36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric pulmonary edema after scorpion sting: a case report

Razi

Malekanrad

2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMaRYA 12-year-old boy was referred with acute asymmetric pulmonary edema (APE) four-hour after scorpion sting to Emergency department. On admission, the main clinical manifestations were: dyspnea, tachypnea, and tachycardia. Chest x-ray revealed APE predominantly on the right hemithorax. The patient was treated with oxygen, intravenous frusemide and digoxin and discharged on the sixth hospital day in a good condition. This case report emphasizes the occurrence of asymmetric pulmonary edema after severe scorpion envenomation within few hours immediately after the sting.

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Immunochemical detection of Lonomia obliqua caterpillar venom in rats

Silva

Panunto

Hyslop

et al. 2004

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Severe cases of human envenoming by caterpillars of the saturniid moth Lonomia obliqua in Brazil can result in renal damage, leading to renal failure, and intracerebral hemorrhaging. In this work, we used immunohistochemical staining with rabbit antiserum raised against L. obliqua venom to examine venom distribution in selected tissues of the brain (cerebellum and hippocampus), kidneys, and liver of male Wistar rats injected with a single dose of venom (200 microg/kg, i.v.) and sacrificed 6, 18, 24, and 72 hours later. The immunolabeling of GFAP was also examined to assess the venom effects on perivascular astrocytic end-feet in the microvasculature of the hippocampus and cerebellum. Venom was detected in the kidneys (6 and 18 hours) and in the liver (6 hours) but not in the brain at any of the time intervals examined. In contrast, immunolabeling for GFAP revealed astrogliosis in the cerebellum and enhanced expression of this protein in the glial processes of the cerebellum and hippocampus, with a maximum response from 24 hours onwards. The high immunoreactivity seen in the kidneys agreed with the renal damage and dysfunction reported for some patients. The lack of venom detection in the brain, despite the altered expression of GFAP in astrocytes, suggested either that the venom does not enter this organ or that its entrance is transient and fast. Alternatively, the circulating venom may induce the release of mediators that could serve as second messengers to provoke the late astrocytic reactivity and astrogliosis. It is possible that both of these mechanisms may contribute to the effects observed.

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Pharmacokinetics of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the rat

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Age effects on the pharmacokinetics of tityustoxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in rats

Age effects on the pharmacokinetics of tityustoxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in rats

Asymmetric pulmonary edema after scorpion sting: a case report

Immunochemical detection of Lonomia obliqua caterpillar venom in rats

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