Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin after oral administration in swine

Shen, Jianzhong; Li, Cun; Jiang, Haiyang; Zhang, Suxia; Guo, Ping; Ding, Shuangyang; Li, Xiaowei

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1071

Cited by 32 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These finding are in agreement with those reported in cows, sheep, goats and swine (Ziv et al, 1995;Ramadan, 1997;Modric et al, 1998;Shen et al, 2005). Tilmicosin was slowly eliminated after oral administration (t 1/2β = 47.4 ± 9.32 and 45.0 ± 5.73 h, respectively for Pulmotil AC and Provitil).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Tilmicosin was slowly eliminated after oral administration (t 1/2β = 47.4 ± 9.32 and 45.0 ± 5.73 h, respectively for Pulmotil AC and Provitil). This was slower than reported in cow, sheep, goat and swine (t 1/2β = 29.4 ± 6; 34.6 ± 8.1; 29.3 ± 1.53 and 25.26 ± 8.25 h, respectively) (Ramadan, 1997;Modric et al, 1998;Shen et al, 2005). The elimination rate was 0.021 ± 0.0037 and 0.022 ± 0.0038 h −1 , whereas the clearance was 19.73 ± 3.73 and 21.37 ± 4.54 ml/(min.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…However, few studies are available on the pharmacokinetics after oral administration of tilmicosin to animals including fowl and swine (Keles et al, 2001;Shen et al, 2005). The current study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tilmicosin powder (Provitil) and aqueous concentrate (Pulmotil AC) formulations in chickens after oral administration of a single dose of tilmicosin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Pharmacokinetics of Tilmicosin (Provitil Powder and Pulmotil Liquid AC) Oral Formulations in Chickens

2007

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A bioavailability and pharmacokinetics study of powder and liquid tilmicosin formulations was carried out in 18 healthy chickens according to a single-dose, two-period, two-sequence, crossover randomized design. The two formulations were Provitil and Pulmotil AC. Both drugs were administered to each chicken after an overnight fast on two treatment days separated by a 2-week washout period. A modified rapid and sensitive HPLC method was used for determination of tilmicosin concentrations in chicken plasma. Various pharmacokinetic parameters including area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-72)), maximum plasma concentration (C(max)), time to peak concentration (t(max)), elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)), elimination rate (k(el)), clearance (Cl(B)), mean residence time (MRT) and volume of distribution (V(d,area)) were determined for both formulations. The average means of AUC(0-72) for Provitil and Pulmotil AC were very close (24.24 +/- 3.86, 21.82 +/- 3.14 (microg x h)/ml, respectively), with no significant differences based on ANOVA. The relative bioavailability of Provitil as compared to Pulmotil AC was 111%. In addition, there were no significant differences in the C(max) (2.09 +/- 0.37, 2.12 +/- 0.40 microg/ml), tmax (3.99 +/- 0.84, 5.82 +/- 1.04 h), t(1/2beta) (47.4 +/- 9.32, 45.0 +/- 5.73 h), k(el) (0.021 +/- 0.0037, 0.022 +/- 0.0038 h(-1)), Cl(B) (19.73 +/- 3.73, 21.37 +/- 4.54ml/(min/kg)), MRT (71.20 +/- 12.87, 67.15 +/- 9.01 h) and V(d,area) (1024.8 +/- 87.5, 1009.8 +/- 79.5 ml/kg) between Pulmotil AC and Provitil, respectively. In conclusion, tilmicosin was rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated after oral administration of single dose of tilmicosin aqueous and powder formulations. Provitil and Pulmotil AC can be used as interchangeable therapeutic agents.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Pharmacokinetics of Tilmicosin (Provitil Powder and Pulmotil Liquid AC) Oral Formulations in Chickens

2007

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“…The apparent volume of distribution of tilmicosin was large (>1 L/kg) indicating a large tissue distribution. These findings are in agreement with those reported in cows, sheep, goats and swine (Ziv et al 1995, Ramadan 1997, Modric et al 1998, Shen et al 2005. Residue levels of tilmicosin phosphate (tilmicoral ® ) after oral administration of 25 mg/kg body weight were highest in lung and lowest in muscle during and after treatment (Table 3) suggesting that lung is the target tissue for tilmicosin in broiler chickens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The pharmacokinetics after parenteral administration of tilmicosin has been investigated in cow (Ziv et al 1995, Modric et al 1998, goat (Ramadan 1997), sheep (Modric et al 1998), and elk (Clark et al 2004). However, few studies are available on the pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin after oral administration to animals including fowl and swine (Keles et al 2001, Shen et al 2005. Administering veterinary medications to animals without an appropriate withdrawal period may lead to violative residues in tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics, tissue residues of tilmicosin phosphate (tilmicor-alÂ®) and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation for the control of Mycoplas-ma gallisepticum infection in broiler chickens

Elbadawy

Aboubakr

2017

IJPT

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The aim of present study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of tilmicosin phosphate (tilmicoral ® ) as well as its in vitro and in vivo evaluation for control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in broiler chickens. Pharmacokinetics (single oral dose) and tissues residues (daily for five days) of tilmicosin (25 mg/kg b.wt) in broilers were investigated. Peak plasma concentration of tilmicosin was 1.25±0.0.09 μg/mL and achieved at 3.15±0.34 h. Elimination half-life was long (44.3±7.22 h) and Vdarea was large (1.25±0.082 L/kg). Residue study revealed a good distribution and penetration of tilmicosine in lung, liver, kidney and muscles. Tilmicosin could not be detected in all tested tissues (except in lung) at 6 days after last administration. The MIC of tilmicosin and tylosin against MG were 0.054 and 0.319 μg/mL, respectively. MG infected chickens and treated by tilmicosin or tylosin showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in mean body weights gain and a significant (p<0.05) decline in mean clinical signs score, air sac lesion score and mortality rate, however tilmicosin was a superior drug. In conclusion, timicoral ® was a very effective medication for controlling MG infection in broiler chickens due to its rapid absorption, long elimination half-life, rapid and extensive penetration from blood into tissues especially lungs and air sacs. Additionally, tilmicoral ® had a short withdrawal time. Moreover, its superior efficacy (in vitro and in vivo) against MG.

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Macrolides, Azalides, and Ketolides

Giguère¹

2013

Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine

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Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin after oral administration in swine

Abstract: In swine, tilmicosin was rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated after oral administration of a single dose of tilmicosin base powder.

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Pharmacokinetics of Tilmicosin (Provitil Powder and Pulmotil Liquid AC) Oral Formulations in Chickens

Pharmacokinetics of Tilmicosin (Provitil Powder and Pulmotil Liquid AC) Oral Formulations in Chickens

Pharmacokinetics, tissue residues of tilmicosin phosphate (tilmicor-alÂ®) and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation for the control of Mycoplas-ma gallisepticum infection in broiler chickens

Macrolides, Azalides, and Ketolides

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