Pharmacokinetics of prenylflavonoids and correlations with the dynamics of estrogen action in sera following ingestion of a standardized Epimedium extract

The first multicenter and randomized clinical trial of herbal Fufang for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

“…A single-center study reported no detectable hyperplasia effect on endometrium in postmenopausal women after XLGB administration over 2 years [27]. Other studies also indicated that Epimedium was unlikely to exert significant estrogenic effects in humans [13,22]. The present multicenter clinical trial was the first one that set safety as an important primary endpoint apart from its efficacy and systemically evaluated concerns of adverse events on gastrointestinal, renal, and liver function.…”

Protective effect of Icariin on the early stage of experimental diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin via modulating transforming growth factor β1 and type IV collagen expression in rats

“…Icariin (C 33 H 40 O 15 , molecular weight: 676.67) (Fig. 1), the main active flavonoid glucoside isolated from the Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (Zhang and Yang, 2006), which exhibits a variety of pharmacological and biological activities, including estrogenic activity, regulating cardiovascular, genital, bone marrow systems, antioxidant effect and improved sexual function (Kuroda et al, 2000;Wang and Lou, 2004;Shen et al, 2007;Ji et al, 2009;Wong et al, 2009). Thus, we hypothesized that Icariin may have beneficial influence on the progression of DN.…”

Implications for Differentiation of Endogenous Stem Cells: Therapeutic Effect from Icariside II on a Rat Model of Postprostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction

“…Our previous studies [8][9][10] have demonstrated that icariin possess notable erectogenic and neurotrophic effects, both in vivo and in vitro models. ICA II (C 27 H 32 O 10 , 514.54), the bioactive form of icariin, lacks a glucose moiety at C-7 and is more bioavailable than icariin [11,12]. Interestingly, a recently published study reported that ICA II can activate p38 MAPK pathway [13].…”