Pharmacokinetics of Hoasca alkaloids in healthy humans

Callaway, J. C.; McKenna, Dennis J.; Grob, Charles S.; Brito, Glacus S.; Raymon, Lionel P.; Poland, Russell E.; Andrade, E.N; Andrade, E.O; Mash, Deborah C.

doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00168-8

Cited by 255 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The possibility of dangerous interactions between ayahuasca and other pharmaceutical drugs, most notably SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) has been highlighted (Callaway et al, 1999). This should be a serious consideration for those who are on antidepressant drugs and who are contemplating using ayahuasca.…”

Section: Literature On Ayahuasca and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Account of Healing Depression UsingAyahuascaPlant Teacher Medicine in a Santo Daime Ritual

Sobiecki

2013

Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology

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Section: Literature On Ayahuasca and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Account of Healing Depression UsingAyahuascaPlant Teacher Medicine in a Santo Daime Ritual

Sobiecki

2013

Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology

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“…As an increasing number of people have come into contact with this psychotropic tea, the beverage has begun to attract the attention of researchers interested in its pharmacological and toxicological aspects (Callaway, 2005;Callaway et al, 1999;Gable, 2007;Riba & Barbanoj, 2005;Riba et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an hallucinogenic indole alkaloid, structurally related to the neurotransmitter serotonin (Callaway, 2005;Callaway et al, 1999;Gable, 2007;Riba & Barbanoj, 2005;Riba et al, 2003;Tupper, 2008). DMT has high affi nity for 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the brain and moderate to low affi nity for the 5-HT1A receptor (Keiser et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DMT is active when administered parenterally, but not orally because the gastrointestinal tract contains the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), which metabolizes orally ingested DMT (Tupper, 2008). DMT is, therefore, only active in the presence of β-carbolines, such as harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine, since these are potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (Callaway, 2005;Callaway et al, 1999;Gable, 2007;Riba & Barbanoj, 2005;Riba et al, 2003;Tupper, 2008). The synergistic interaction of these alkaloids is the basis of the psychotropic action of ayahuasca (McKenna, 2004;Riba et al, 2003;Tupper, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subjective effects of ayahuasca include visual hallucinations, synesthesia, intensification of affectivity up to ecstatic experiences, significant alterations of time and space perceptions and body image distortions, and feelings of alertness and stimulation (Callaway et al, 1999;McKenna, 2004;Tupper, 2008). Pharmacological effects in the periphery include mild increase in heart rate and blood pressure as well as elevations in the level of cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurobehavioral, reflexological and physical development of Wistar rat offspring exposed to ayahuasca during pregnancy and lactation

Oliveira¹,

Moreira²,

Yonamine³

2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic beverage prepared by the decoction of plants native to the Amazon Basin region. The beverage has been used throughout the world by members of some syncretic religious movements. Despite the recent legalization of ayahuasca in Brazil for religious purposes, there is little pre-clinical and clinical information attesting to its safety, particularly in relation to the use during pregnancy. The aim of the current work was to determine the effects of perinatal exposure to ayahuasca (from the 6 th day of pregnancy to the 10 th day of lactation) on physical, reflexology and neurobehavioral parameters of the Wistar rat offspring. The offspring showed no statistically significant changes in the physical and reflexology parameters evaluated. However, in adult rats, perinatally exposed to ayahuasca, an increase in frequency of entries in open arms in elevated plus-maze test, a decrease in total time of interaction in social interaction test, a decrease in time of latency for the animal to start swimming and a decrease of the minimum convulsant dose induced by pentylenetetrazol were observed. In conclusion, our results showed that the use of ayahuasca by mothers during pregnancy and lactation reduced the general anxiety and social motivation of the rat offspring. Besides, it promoted a higher sensitivity for initiation and spread of seizure activity.

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Hallucinogenic Drugs

Bonson

2012

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Hallucinogens constitute one of the oldest classes of drugs used by humanity, often in the context of spiritual practices. Classic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, N,N ‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), mescaline and 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylamphetamine (DOM) produce complex psychological and physical effects, including perceptual changes, cognitive shifts in reality and emotional alterations. These drugs primarily act on serotonin systems through 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2A (5HT 2A ) receptors, with additional activity through dopamine and glutamate systems. Investigation of the neurochemical and behavioural effects of this class of drugs has provided important insights into pharmacology and psychiatric conditions. Given their popularity as recreational drugs, investigation of their actions and effects continues to be an important endeavour. After a long hiatus, clinical studies in humans have resumed with these drugs in laboratories around the world. Key Concepts: Hallucinogens have been used for thousands of years by various societies, often in conjunction with spiritual practices. In present day, hallucinogens remain highly popular as recreational drugs. The chemical structure of hallucinogens consists of tryptamines (LSD and psilocybin) and phenethylamines (mescaline and DOM). The potency of hallucinogens is directly correlated to their ability to act as agonists at the serotonin receptor subtype, 5‐HT 2A . Drugs that act at sites other than 5‐HT 2A receptors can also produce hallucinogen‐like effects (e.g. ketamine, MDMA, salvinorin A, nitrous oxide, GHB). The signature effects of hallucinogens include perceptual changes, alterations in affect and shifts in cognitive ability. Negative responses associated with hallucinogens include ‘bad trips’ (severe anxiety and a disconnection with reality) as well as rare instances of ‘flashbacks’ and psychotic breaks. Human research with hallucinogens has recently been revitalised, augmenting the scientific advances made previously with animal studies.

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Pharmacokinetics of Hoasca alkaloids in healthy humans

Cited by 255 publications

References 28 publications

An Account of Healing Depression UsingAyahuascaPlant Teacher Medicine in a Santo Daime Ritual

An Account of Healing Depression UsingAyahuascaPlant Teacher Medicine in a Santo Daime Ritual

Neurobehavioral, reflexological and physical development of Wistar rat offspring exposed to ayahuasca during pregnancy and lactation

Hallucinogenic Drugs

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