Pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in broiler chickens

Watteyn, Anneleen; Plessers, Elke; Wyns, Heidi; Baere, Siegrid De; Backer, Patrick De; Croubels, Siska

doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02932

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Macrolide antibiotics have structurally the same compounds, that are classified as macrocyclic lactones with 12-20 carbon atoms in the lactone ring. On this lactone ring, several combinations of de-oxy sugars can be attached by glycosidic linkages (Watteyn et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Tylvalosin Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E in Broiler Chickens

El-Ela¹,

El-Banna²,

El-Deen³

et al. 2015

Asian J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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Few publications are describing the pharmacokinetics of tylvalosin (TVN) antibiotic, so the aims of this work were to study its pharmacokinetics with evaluation the effect of vitamin (vit) E on its kinetics after single and repeated oral administration in broiler chickens. The mean serum concentrations of the drug were markedly lower in tylvalosin alone when compared with tylvalosin pre-treated with vit E after single and repeated oral administration at the corresponding time intervals. The peak of serum concentration (C max ), absorption half-life (t 0.5ab ) and elimination half-life (t 0.5 el ) were 2.11±0.3, 3.27±0.2 ug mLG 1 , 0.94±0.04, 0.88±0.02 h and 1.61±0.05, 2.42±0.1, after single tylvalosin and tylvalosin-vit E, respectively. While after repeated dosing, the maximum serum levels were 5.01±0.13 and 5.9±0.1 ug mLG 1 with pharmacokinetic parameters (C max ), (t 0.5ab ) and (t 0.5 el ) 4.1±0.14, 5.67±0.4 ug mLG 1 , 1.39±0.4, 0.86±0.07 h and 2.78±0.16, 3.05±0.3 h after repeated tylvalosin and tylvalosin-vit E, respectively. The combination of tylvalosin with vit E allows a prolongation of the dosage intervals in broiler for more 12 and 24 h after single and repeated dosing, respectively, indicated by longer elimination half-life and Mean Residence Time (MRT) of tylvalosin-vit E than tylvalosin alone after single and repeated administration which is very important for the dosage intervaland increasing the drug serum efficacy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Tylvalosin Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E in Broiler Chickens

El-Ela¹,

El-Banna²,

El-Deen³

et al. 2015

Asian J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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“…Consequently, the i.v. administration was chosen in our study, the authors being well aware that it is not specified by the manufacturer, but well tolerated in chicken (Watteyn et al 2013) and pig (Wyns et al 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, i.v. injection of Zactran ® administered to chicken (Watteyn et al 2013) and pigs (Wyns et al 2014) did not result in adverse drug reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Treatment with gamithromycin in foals with pneumonia: comparative efficacy and adverse effects of i.m. versus i.v. administration

Hildebrand¹,

Giguère²,

Venner³

2015

PHK

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Summary: The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of adverse reactions and efficacy of i.v. administration of gamithromycin compared to i.m. gamithromycin for the treatment of foal bronchopneumonia on a farm endemic for infections caused by Rhodococcus equi. 60 foals with bronchopneumonia and treated with gamithromycin were retrospectively divided into two treatment groups. In the foals of group 1 (n = 40) gamithromycin (6 mg/kg body weight, Zactran ® , Merial) was injected once weekly for six weeks in the semitendinosus or the semimembranosus muscle. In the foals of group 2 (n = 20) gamithromycin (6 mg/kg body weight, Zactran ® ) was injected intravenously once weekly for six weeks in the jugular veins. The animals in group 2 were also treated with rifampin (10 mg/kg, q 24 h, p.o.). Local and systemic adverse effects were evaluated daily in all foals. Foals whose pneumonia worsened were removed from the study. In the group of foals treated with gamithromycin i.m. 38 of 40 (95 %) recovered without the need to be removed from the study compared to 16 of the 20 (80 %) foals treated with gamithromycin i.v.. The frequency of adverse drug reactions differed significantly between administration routes. In the group of foals treated with Zactran ® i.m. 23 of 40 foals (58 %) showed adverse effects. 18 foals (45 %) showed signs of colic that required treatment with analgesics, and 14 (35 %) developed a marked lameness on the side of the i.m. injection. In the group of the foals who got the Zactran ® i.v. no adverse effects were observed. From these results, it can be concluded that i.v. administration of Zactran ® induces significantly fewer adverse effects than i.m. administration. However, additional studies will be necessary to determine the optimal dose and dosing interval for i.v. gamithromycin that will result in similar efficacy as that achieved after i.m. administration.

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“…Gamithromycin (GAM) is an azalide derivative with long half‐life approved for single‐dose treatment and prevention (6 mg/kg body weight; <10 ml subcutaneous injection) of bovine and swine respiratory diseases (Giguere et al., ; Emmerich, ; Wyns et al., ; DeDonder et al., ). However, there are also reports on clinical use of GAM in other species (e.g., chicken, foals) (Berghaus et al., ; Giguere et al., ; Watteyn et al., ). A single‐dose administration seems to be sufficient to ensure effective antimicrobial concentrations in pulmonary target compartments for more than one week (Berghaus et al., ; Giguere et al., ; Huang, Letendre, Banav, Fischer, & Somerville, ; Villarino & Martin‐Jimenez, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and pulmonary distribution of gamithromycin after intravenous administration in foals

Berlin

Randow²,

Scheuch

et al. 2017

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The long-acting azalide antibiotic gamithromycin is marketed for intramuscular treatment of bovine and swine infections. Off-label use in foals leads to severe local lesions likely caused by hyperosmolality of the injected solution. We provide evidence from a pharmacokinetic study in 10 warm-blooded healthy foals for intravenous bolus injection of gamithromycin diluted in distilled water to be a safe and well tolerated alternative. By intravenous dosing, markedly higher plasma exposure and better penetration into bronchoalveolar lavage cells but lower distribution into epithelial lining fluid are achieved as after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration. Intravenously injected gamithromycin was tolerated without any adverse drug reactions. The protocols for treatment of equine pulmonary infections caused by Rhodococcus equi should be revised accordingly.

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Pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in broiler chickens

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Pharmacokinetics of Tylvalosin Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E in Broiler Chickens

Pharmacokinetics of Tylvalosin Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E in Broiler Chickens

Treatment with gamithromycin in foals with pneumonia: comparative efficacy and adverse effects of i.m. versus i.v. administration

Pharmacokinetics and pulmonary distribution of gamithromycin after intravenous administration in foals

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