Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin XR (1000mg) versus levofloxacin (500mg) in plasma and urine of male and female healthy volunteers receiving a single oral dose

Münch

Pilatz

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Concentrations and Antibacterial Activities of Nitroxoline at 250 Milligrams versus Trimethoprim at 200 Milligrams against Uropathogens in Healthy Volunteers

Münch

Pilatz

et al. 2014

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“…The purpose of this study was to compare the ex vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties, including urinary bactericidal titers (UBTs) of a single oral dose of 1,000 mg extended-release ciprofloxacin versus 500 mg levofloxacin against common uropathogens. The pharmacokinetic aspects of this study were recently published (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were analyzed in one chromatographic run by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The drug concentrations in serum and urine samples were measured by comparison with a serum and urine calibration row, respectively (24). MICs, minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), and urinary bactericidal titers were determined as published previously (17,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Bactericidal Activity of Extended-Release Ciprofloxacin (1,000 Milligrams) versus Levofloxacin (500 Milligrams) in Healthy Volunteers Receiving a Single Oral Dose

Kinzig‐Schippers

Tischmeyer

et al. 2006

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Twelve volunteers received a single oral dose of 1,000 mg extended-release (XR) ciprofloxacin versus 500 mg levofloxacin to assess urinary bactericidal titers (UBTs) against common uropathogens. Areas under UBT-time curves were significantly larger for Proteus mirabilis with XR ciprofloxacin and for staphylococci with levofloxacin.Complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by gram-negative and -positive uropathogens (25). Fluoroquinolones are among the drugs of choice for empirical antibiotic therapy. They differ, however, in pharmacokinetic properties (11) and in antibacterial activity, and their antibacterial activity in urine is reduced significantly depending on urine pH and contents (6, 15). Extended-release (XR) ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin are given once daily (12,23). The purpose of this study was to compare the ex vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties, including urinary bactericidal titers (UBTs) of a single oral dose of 1,000 mg extended-release ciprofloxacin versus 500 mg levofloxacin against common uropathogens. The pharmacokinetic aspects of this study were recently published (24).Twelve healthy volunteers successively received one oral dose of 1,000 mg extended-release ciprofloxacin (Bayer Vital GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany) or 500 mg levofloxacin (SanofiAventis, Berlin, Germany) in a crossover design at an interval of 7 days according to the randomization schedule. All voided urine samples were collected over a 12-h interval prior to drug administration (to obtain antibiotic-free urine from each individual) and at the following time intervals after administration of the drug: 0 to 4, 4 to 8, 8 to 12, 12 to 16, 16 to 24, 24 to 28, 28 to 32, and 32 to 36 h. All samples were stored at Ϫ20°C. Levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were analyzed in one chromatographic run by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The drug concentrations in serum and urine samples were measured by comparison with a serum and urine calibration row, respectively (24). MICs, minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), and urinary bactericidal titers were determined as published previously (17,26).The bacterial strains used in this study and ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin MICs are depicted in Table 1. The MBCs of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were similar to the corresponding MICs for all strains tested. The area under the 24-h UBTversus-time curve (AUBC) (13) was calculated as the sum of the reciprocal UBT values and the respective time intervals for each test organism and for each drug. Laboratory, UBT, and AUBC data for the two drugs were compared for each individual by the paired t test. The application of the paired t test appears adequate according to our previous analysis of the respective residuals (16). An ␣ value of 0.05 was determined to be statistically significant. Due to the high number of tests performed, the results are of descriptive nature only. The clinical significance of the statistical results, however, should be evaluated. Statistical calculations were performed using the Microsoft Excel 97...

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“…In this substudy, patients with cUTIs or pyelonephritis were included for such PK/PD investigation. Both antibiotics investigated show a favorable urinary excre- tion rate of approximately 80%, and they are comparable in that respect (21). One of the differences between the two antibiotics is the different PK/PD parameters correlating best with their antibacterial effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Levofloxacin is one of the most frequently studied fluoroquinolones for UTIs, with a urinary excretion of approximately 80% (21), comparable to that of doripenem.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Bactericidal Activity of Doripenem versus That of Levofloxacin in Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections or Pyelonephritis

Wagenlehner²,

Redman

et al. 2009

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