Pharmacokinetics of benzene and toluene

Sato, Akio; Nakajima, Tamie; Fujiwara, Yoshitaka; Hirosawa, Kiichi

doi:10.1007/bf00538916

Cited by 95 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Organ and tissue concentrations of toluene in rats exposed to a toluene concentration of 1,950 mg/m3 (550 ppm) for 1 h. The mean value ± the standard error of the mean (SE) and the standard deviation (SD) is stated. The method error, calculated as the mean difference between 20 double determinations, is given, as well as the partition coefficient for the different tissues according to Sato et al (9). 20,000 impulses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure of animals and man to toluene.

Carlsson¹,

Lindqvist²

1977

Scand J Work Environ Health

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CARLSSON, A. and LINDQVIST, T. Exposure of animals and man to toluene. Scand. j. work environ. & health 3 (1977) 135-143. Twenty rats were exposed for 60 min to HC-labeled toluene (1,950 mg/m 3 ) in the inspired air. The largest amounts of toluene and its metabolites were found in the white adipose tissue. In a second series of experiments seven healthy male subjects were exposed to 375 mg/m 3 of toluene in the air at rest and during light, moderate and heavy physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer. The duration of each exposure period was 30 min. Of the seven male subjects three were thin, one was slightly overweight, and three were excessively overweight. The concentration of toluene in the alveolar air and the total uptake of toluene were determined during exposure. The thin subjects had a higher concentration of toluene in alveolar air than the other subjects both at rest and during exercise. The total uptake of toluene in the body during exposure showed that the subjects with the least amount of adipose tissue had the smallest uptake and the subjects with the largest amount of adipose tissue had the largest uptake.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of affinity varies considerably for different tissues. However, adipose tissue always displays the greatest affinity (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Exposure of animals and man to toluene.

Carlsson¹,

Lindqvist²

1977

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…tions (suggesting the existence of two o r three compartments) should adequately characterize the kinetics of toluene (7,16,17,19,20) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxicokinetics of toluene in the rat.

Rees¹,

Wood²,

McCormick³

et al. 1985

Scand J Work Environ Health

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of toluene in the rat. Scand J Work Environ Health 11 (1985) [301][302][303][304][305][306]. Toxicokinetic experiments with toluene that rely on data pooled from several animals have typically provided estimates of rate constants based on single exponential functions; in the present study a within-subject design was used to describe the time course of toluene in the blood to see if addit ional expon ential terms could be resolved. Each rat was exposed for 2 h to either I 000, 1 780, or 3 000 ppm of tolu ene. Blood samples were dra wn at different times from indwelling jugular cannulae, and blood toluen e concentrat ions were determined by vapor phase equilibrium chromatography. There was sub stantial variability between the peak blood values of the animals at each exposure concentration. Nonlinear regression was used to determine regression parameters for data dra wn from individual animals. A hi-exponent ial function was found to minimize significantly the residual sum of square s observed dur ing elimination. However, onl y a single exponenti al fun ction could be resolved reliably during uptake. The mean half-time during uptak e was approximately 34 min; the two half-times for elimination averaged approx imately 6 and 90 min. Because of between-subject variabilit y, a more accurate description of the time course of toluene uptake and eliminat ion can be pro vided by kinetic studies that use a within-subject design.

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“…The toxicokinetics of industrially used organic solvents in man have been focused upon in severallaboratory exposure experiment s (2,3,4,7,20,26,34,37,38,40,41). However, most of these stud ies were carried out with young health y volunteers with no history of occupational exposure to solvents or other agents that could affect the kinetics of the solvent studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…588 acid (II ,42). The toxicokinetics of toluene in volunteers that have not been exposed earlier are also known (2,26,34,35,36,38,40).…”

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confidence: 99%