Pharmacokinetics of Azlocillin in Neonates

Sitka, U; Weingärtner, L; Patsch, R; Richter, I

doi:10.1159/000237901

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the preterm, t 1/2 is longer than in full-term infants as these antibiotics are mainly eliminated by renal route and the excretory renal function increases with prenatal and postnatal development. This has been observed for azlocillin [24], ticarcillin [29], cefotaxime [35], ceftazidime [42], cefoperazone [59], gentamicin [81] and amikacin [98]. Cl has a reverse trend, it is lower in preterm than in full-term infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Penicillins, Cephalosporins and Aminoglycosides in the Neonate: A Review

Pacifici

2010

Pharmaceuticals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacterial infections are common in the neonates and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Sixty percent of preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units received at least one antibiotic during the first week of life. Penicillins, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins comprised 53, 43 and 16%, respectively. Kinetic parameters such as the half-life (t1/2), clearance (Cl), and volume of distribution (Vd) change with development, so the kinetics of penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides need to be studied in order to optimise therapy with these drugs. The aim of this study is to review the pharmacokinetics of penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides in the neonate in a single article in order to provide a critical analysis of the literature and thus provide a useful tool in the hands of physicians. The bibliographic search was performed electronically using PubMed, as the search engine, until February 2nd, 2010. Medline search terms were as follows: pharmacokinetics AND (penicillins OR cephalosporins OR aminoglycosides) AND infant, newborn, limiting to humans. Penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides are fairly water soluble and are mainly eliminated by the kidneys. The maturation of the kidneys governs the pharmacokinetics of penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides in the neonate. The renal excretory function is reduced in preterms compared to term infants and Cl of these drugs is reduced in premature infants. Gestational and postnatal ages are important factors in the maturation of the neonate and, as these ages proceed, Cl of penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides increases. Cl and t1/2 are influenced by development and this must be taken into consideration when planning a dosage regimen with these drugs. More pharmacokinetic studies are required to ensure that the dose recommended for the treatment of sepsis in the neonate is evidence based.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Sitka et al [24] suggested a dose of 50 mg/kg of azlocillin for preterm neonates in the first 7 days of life and 100 mg/kg every 12 h in full term neonates in the first 7 days of life. Another study [25] did not find difference in t 1/2 in preterm and term infants.…”

Section: Penicillinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Penicillins, Cephalosporins and Aminoglycosides in the Neonate: A Review

Pacifici

2010

Pharmaceuticals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There have been two PK studies of azlocillin in neonates [22,23], both of which were performed in Germany in the 1980s (Table 5). The first study involved 53 neonates (average GA 34 weeks) [22].…”

Section: Azlocillinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first study involved 53 neonates (average GA 34 weeks) [22]. The authors of this study recommended 50 mg kg −1 12 h −1 for preterm neonates in the first 7 days of life and 100 mg kg −1 12 h −1 for full term neonates in the first 7 days of life.…”

Section: Azlocillinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical pharmacokinetics of penicillins in the neonate: a review of the literature

Pacifici

Labatia

Mulla

et al. 2008

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sepsis is common in neonates and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Sixty percent of preterm neonates receive at least one antibiotic during the first week of life, with penicillins being the most frequently administered antibiotics. The clearance (Cl), serum half-life (t(A1/2)) and volume of distribution (Vd) of penicillins are different in the neonate than in the adult. As such, the pharmacokinetics of penicillins need be studied in neonates in order to optimise therapy in this age class with these drugs. The aim of this study was to review the published data on the pharmacokinetics of penicillins in the neonate in order to provide a critical analysis of the literature and, consequently, a useful tool in the hands of the physician. The bibliographic search was performed electronically using the PubMed and EMBASE databases as search engines. An initial search was performed with the keywords "pharmacokinetics", "penicillins" and "neonates". Secondly, other searches were performed using the keywords "pharmacokinetics" and "neonates", followed by the name of a single antibiotic. The search included articles up to 2007. There have been few pharmacokinetic studies on the use of penicillins in neonates. The results from those few studies that have been carried out suggest that the Cl is reduced and t(A1/2) prolonged in the neonate as compared with the more mature infant. There is little variation in Vd during the first week of life. In the premature neonate, Cl is reduced compared to the full-term infant. As postnatal age proceeds, the Cl of penicillins increases. More pharmacokinetic studies are required to provide a sound scientific basis for planning a dosage regimen with penicillins in the neonate

show abstract

“…Serum half-life in full-term neonates is about 2.6 h while that in premature infants is 4.7 h. Absorption is rapid following an intramuscular dose (HEIMANN et al 1979;SITKA et al 1980). The disposition of azlocillin in healthy children of school age appears similar to that in adults, but renal excretion is greatly accelerated in children with cystic fibrosis (WEINGARTNER et al 1979;BERGAN and MICHALSEN 1979).…”

Section: Azlocillinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of β-Lactam Antibiotics

Kwan¹

1983

Antibiotics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pharmacokinetics of Azlocillin in Neonates

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Penicillins, Cephalosporins and Aminoglycosides in the Neonate: A Review

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Penicillins, Cephalosporins and Aminoglycosides in the Neonate: A Review

Clinical pharmacokinetics of penicillins in the neonate: a review of the literature

Pharmacokinetics of β-Lactam Antibiotics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About