Pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin and the rate of depletion of its residues in pigs

Abstract

Six pigs were used in a two-period crossover study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin after single intravenous and oral doses of 20 mg/kg bodyweight. Twelve pigs were used to study the residues of the drug in muscle, kidney, liver and fat after they had received daily oral doses of 20 mg/kg amoxycillin for five days. The mean (sd) elimination half life (t1/2beta) and mean residence time of amoxycillin in plasma were 3.38 (0.30) and 3.54 (0.43) hours, respectively, after intravenous administration and 4.13 (0.50) and 4.47 (0.30) hours, respectively, after oral administration. After oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 7.37 (0.42) microg/ml and it was reached after 0.97 (0.29) hours. Six days after the last oral dose, the mean concentration of amoxycillin in the pigs' kidneys was 21.38 ng/g and in the liver it was 12.32 ng/g, but no amoxycillin could be detected in fat or muscle; the concentrations of amoxycillin in edible tissues were less than the European Union maximal residue limit of 50 microg/kg.

Disposition and oral bioavailability of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in pigs

“…A two‐compartmental model after i.v. administration of amoxicillin in pigs was described by Martinez‐Larranaga et al. (2004) and Hernandez et al.…”

“…, 1994). These presystemical effects on amoxicillin include acid‐catalysed degradation, enzymatic degradation by intestinal flora and intestinal membrane‐bound or intracellular enzymes (Martinez‐Larranaga et al. , 2004).…”

“…The reported MIC 90 of amoxicillin against the three most common pathogens in pigs, A. pleuropneumoniae , Streptococcus suis and Escherichia coli amounts to 0.5, 0.5 and 5 μg/mL respectively (Martinez‐Larranaga et al. , 2004; Anonymous, 2005; Mevius & van Pelt, 2005; Anadon et al.…”

“…A two-compartmental model after i.v. administration of amoxicillin in pigs was described by Martinez-Larranaga et al (2004) and Hernandez et al (2005). Agersø and Friis (1998a) concluded that the plasma concentration-time curve of amoxicillin in pigs, after i.v.…”

Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of an oral amoxicillin-apramycin combination in pigs

“…(C max = 0.76 μg·mL -1 and t max = 5.78 h) and Martinez-Larranaga et al . (C max = 7.37 μg·mL -1 and t max = 0.97 h) [19, 20]. The discrepancy maybe related to differences in the varied methods of oral administration of AMO and its different formulation (i.e powder, granulation) [21].…”