Pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular injection of cefquinome in buffalo calves

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following single intramuscular (IM) administration in six healthy male buffalo calves.Cefquinome was administered intramuscularly (2 mg/kg bodyweight) and blood samples were collected prior to drug administration and up to 24 hr after injection. No adverse effects or changes were observed after the IM injection of cefquinome.Plasma concentrations of cefquinome were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The disposition of plasma cefquinome is characterized by a monocompartmental open model. The pharmacokinetic parameters after IM administration (mean ± SE) were C max 6.93 ± 0.58 μg/ml, T max 0.5 hr, t ½kα 0.16 ± 0.05 hr, t ½β 3.73 ± 0.10 hr, and AUC 28.40 ± 1.30 μg hr/ml after IM administration. A dosage regimen of 2 mg/kg bodyweight at 24-hr interval following IM injection of cefquinome would maintain the plasma levels required to be effective against the bacterial pathogens with MIC values ≤0.39 μg/ml. The suggested dosage regimen of cefquinome has to be validated in the disease models before recommending for clinical use in buffalo calves.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration for optimal dosage of cefquinome against Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in foals

“…After IM administration of cefquinome in horses, the elimination half-life of cefquinome was 4.39 h (0.79), which was similar to that in sheep (4.47 h), buffalos (3.73 h) and horses (3.15 h) following IM administration of 2.2 mg/kg ceftiofur [ 11 , 12 , 41 ]. Cefquinome showed long elimination half-life after IM injection in sheep, goats, buffalo calves, cattle calves, and cows.…”

“…The integration of the PK and PD indices are critical in estimating the efficacy and potency of a given drug, hence, are the basis for the selection of an applicable drug and to optimize dosage formulation [ 28 ]. The PK/PD integration of cefquinome has been described previously in various animals [ 12 , 17 , 18 , 21 , 29 ]. In the present study, we investigated to optimize the dosage against strangles caused by Streptococcus equi subsp.…”

“…In the present study, the disposition of cefquinome following 1 mg/kg of IM administration in horses was described by a one-compartment open model, which was similar to that described in buffalo, goat and camel [ 10 , 12 , 14 ]. However, the result disagreed with that reported previously in sheep, and chickens that administered cefquinome IM at a dose of 2 mg/kg in which the dispositions were described by two-compartment open models [ 5 , 40 ].…”

“…The systemic bioavailability ( F ) following IM administration of cefquinome was calculated to be 37.45%, which was noticeably smaller when compared with 89.31% in sheep, 86.30% in buffalo calves and 74.2% in black swans [ 5 , 12 , 35 ]. The low systemic bioavailability value of cefquinome in this study might be attributed to decreased absorption of the drug from the site of injection, low water solubility of the drug formulation, dispersion of the injected solution, and decreased blood flow at the muscle site [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Pharmacokinetics of Cefquinome in Layer Birds Following Intramuscular and Intravenous Administration

“…Cefquinome is stable against β-lactamase enzymes that are produced by various clinically significant bacteria (Dumka et al, 2013). It is effective against the treatment of calf septicemia, foot rot in cattle, acute mastitis and pulmonary infections (Venkatachalam et al, 2018).…”