Pharmacokinetics, hydroxylation and acetylation of sulphadimidine in mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and molluscs

Nouws, J. F. M.; Vree, T. B.; Breukink, H. J.; Miert, A. S. J. P. A. M. van; Grondel, J.L.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4153-3_28

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The metabolites are excreted faster than the parent drug (thus speeding up the drug elimination), thereby resulting in the short elimination half-life or a short drug persistence in poultry as reported (14,22). Detailed information about the pharmacokinetics, faecal excretion, and renal drug clearance values have been reported elsewhere (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In poultry farming, sulphonamides are widely used for the treatment of coccidiosis and infectious coryza. Recently, with the employing of specific HPLC methods, it has been shown that various avian and mammalian species are able to metabolise sulphadimidine extensively by acetylation and hydroxylation (13,14,22). This study is an extension of a former one (15) and presents data on the persistence of sulphadimidine (SDM) and its hydroxy and Kracetyl metabolites in eggs of laying hens following oral SDM medication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Residues of sulphadimidine and its metabolites in eggs following oral sulphadimidine medication of hens

Geertsma

Nouws²,

Grondel

et al. 1987

Veterinary Quarterly

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SUMMARY The depletion of sulphadimidine (SDM) and its Nracetyl and hydroxy metabolites was studied in eggs laid by hens after administration of either a single or multipleoral dosages of 100 mg SDM/kg. During medication and until I day after the last dose, the SDM and its metabolite concentrations in the egg white exceeded those in the egg yolk and reflected the plasma levels. In the period starting 2 days after the (last) dosage, the SDM concentration in the yolk became higher than in the egg white, and the drug depletion curves ran parallel. The mean maximum amount of SDM found in the whole egg was 1500 pg after a single and 1280 pg after multiple dosage. In eggs, traces of the Nracetyl and 6-methylhydroxy metabolites could be detected (mainly in the egg white), and their concentrations were approximately 40 times lower than those of the parent drug. A highly significant correlation (P< 0.005) foundbetween the development stage of the acyte at the time of(last) medication and the amount of SDM foundin the egg that developed from it. A period of 7 or 8 days after the (last) dosage of 100 mg SDM/kg/day is required to obtain SDM levels below O. I pg/g egg.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Residues of sulphadimidine and its metabolites in eggs following oral sulphadimidine medication of hens

Geertsma

Nouws²,

Grondel

et al. 1987

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…Although the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics are located in many different tissues, much of the work upon them has been restricted to the liver. Enzymes in avian liver are capable of catalysing both phase I (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis) and phase I1 (conjugation) reactions, which are qualitatively but not necessarily quantitatively similar to those in mamnialiari liver (Pan & Fouts, 1978;Nouws et al, 1986;Wit, 1977;Walker, 1980Walker, , 1986.…”

Section: Metubolic Difjferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapeutic aspects of medication of birds

Dorrestein¹,

Miert

1988

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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This review covers current knowledge of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs in avian species. Special attention has been paid to inter-species differences in relation to metabolic elimination, anatomy and physiology of the digestive and respiratory system, and differences in drug distribution. Intra-species differences attributable to physicochemical aspects of the drug preparation and physiological conditions of the avian patient can also influence drug efficacy. The consequences of the choice of a particular method of drug administration on pharmacokinetics are also considered.

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“…The final elimination half-life for OTC in both fish species were similar but were prolonged compared to mammals (Baggot, 1977;Nouws & Vree, 1983;Nouws et al, , 1986. A prolonged half-life (15 h) was also observed for gentamicin in channel catfish (Ictalum punctatw, Rolf et al, 1986), for sulphadimidine in carp (tl,2 = 18 h, Nouws et al, 1986) and for chloramphenicol in carp (20°C) and rainbow trout (12°C) following i.m. injection (similar tI/, values for both species, being 9-10 h; J. L. Grondel & J. F. M. Nouws, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparative pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Grondel

Nouws²,

Schutte

et al. 1989

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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A comparative pharmacokinetic study was conducted in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of oxytetracycline (OTC) at a dose rate of 60 mg/kg body weight. Trout and catfish were kept in aerated tap water in tanks at constant temperatures of 12 degrees C and 25 degrees C, respectively. The two- and three-compartment open models adequately described plasma drug disposition in African catfish and rainbow trout respectively, following i.v. OTC administration. Compared to catfish (COP = 86 +/- 10 micrograms/ml) an eightfold higher extrapolated zero time concentration was obtained in trout (COP = 753 +/- 290 micrograms/ml). A significant difference was observed with respect to the relatively large apparent distribution volumes (Vd(area] after i.v. OTC administration (trout, mean value: 2.1 l/kg; catfish, mean value: 1.3 l/kg). The mean final elimination half-lives of both fish species were greater than previously reported in mammals (trout, 89.5 h; catfish, 80.3 h). A mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax = 56.9 micrograms/ml) was obtained in trout at 4 h after i.m. administration of OTC. In catfish a lower Cmax of 43.4 micrograms/ml was determined at about 7 h. No significant difference was observed with respect to bioavailability following i.m. administration of OTC (trout, 85%; catfish, 86%).

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Pharmacokinetics, hydroxylation and acetylation of sulphadimidine in mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and molluscs

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Residues of sulphadimidine and its metabolites in eggs following oral sulphadimidine medication of hens

Residues of sulphadimidine and its metabolites in eggs following oral sulphadimidine medication of hens

Pharmacotherapeutic aspects of medication of birds

Comparative pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

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