Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and convulsive dose of articaine hydrochloride in goat kids

Venkatachalam, Dinakaran; Chambers, J.P.; Kongara, Kavitha; Ward, Neil; Jacob, Antony; Singh, Preet Mohinder

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2019.12.012

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The subcutaneous administration of 0.5 mL of 1% lidocaine (such as around a superficial nerve) exhibits rapid absorption in goat kids, with an average T max of 0.33 ± 0.11 h [18]. Rapid absorption has also been reported following cornual nerve blocks in goat kids [25]. The C max (0.58 ± 0.17 µg mL −1 ) was around four times less than the concentration (2.55 ± 0.41 µg mL −1 ) observed at 1 min following intravenous administration of 8 mg kg −1 for over 60 s, the maximum dose that did not show any observable toxicity signs.…”

Section: Lidocainementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain Mitigation Strategies for Disbudding in Goat Kids

Singh,

Venkatachalam,

Kongara

et al. 2024

Animals

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Pain mitigation strategies for disbudding in goat kids have gained significant attention in recent years because of growing concerns for animal welfare. Disbudding, the removal of horn buds in young goats, is a common practice to enhance safety and manage herd dynamics. However, the procedure will cause pain and distress if not managed effectively. This review covers the array of pain mitigation techniques currently available for disbudding, including the efficacy of these strategies in reducing pain and stress during the disbudding process, with specific attention to the potential toxicity associated with local anesthetics. The current best practice for disbudding on the farm suggests sedation/analgesia with an alpha-2 agonist, the placement of a two-point cornual nerve block, and then an NSAID for postoperative pain. In conclusion, this review offers recommendations for future research directions aimed at enhancing the welfare of young goats subjected to the disbudding procedure. These suggestions hold the promise of fostering significant improvements in the overall well-being of these animals.

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Section: Lidocainementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An investigation involving goat kids was conducted to assess the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of articaine [25]. This study involved the intravenous administration of articaine hydrochloride IV over a 60 s interval, and cornual nerve blocks were administered using 1.5% articaine hydrochloride at a dosage of 0.5 mL per site.…”

Section: Articainementioning

confidence: 99%

Pain Mitigation Strategies for Disbudding in Goat Kids

Singh,

Venkatachalam,

Kongara

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…Intravenous injection: T1/2 was 0.66 ± 0.14 hours. [39] The study noted the manifestation of articaine toxicity after its administration. Initially, sedation was observed, followed by ataxia disorder and clinical manifestations of seizures associated with the toxicity of the drug.…”

Section: /2023mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this, we can conclude the high level of safety of articaine-containing local anesthetics. [39]…”

Section: /2023mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Local Anesthetics in Dentistry: The Example of Articaine-Containing and Mepivacaine- Containing Anesthetics

Machin,

Fokina,

Mityushkina

et al. 2024

Èndodontiâ today

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Aim. To analyze current data on the pharmacokinetics of drugs used for local anesthesia in dental practice, with particular emphasis on articaine-containing and mepivacaine-containing anesthetics. Materials and Methods. The study of up-to-date information from the Cyberleninka, Elibrary, Google Scholar and PubMed electronic databases was carried out during a systematic review of the literature. Selected and included articles, the content of which concerns the pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics articaine and mepivacaine. Results. 55 publications were reviewed. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 42. Conclusions. According to the analyzed data, the choice of local anaesthetic solution should be made individually for each patient and be based on the pharmacokinetics of the drug.

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“…Other types of nociceptive stimuli that have been used to test the effect of local anaesthetic (LA) administration prior to goat kid disbudding were pin pricks [36]. The observer gently pricked the skin around the horn buds with a needle point at approximately 30 s to 1 min interval until no response is observed to confirm analgesia after infiltration with LA.…”

Section: Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain Assessment in Goat Kids: Focus on Disbudding

Kongara,

Singh,

Venkatachalam

et al. 2023

Animals

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Farm animals are routinely subjected to painful husbandry procedures for various purposes. Goat kids are disbudded to improve goat welfare and to ensure safety of other livestock, farm personnel, attending veterinarians and for various other production and managemental procedures. Disbudding is commonly performed on dairy goat farms, in kids under 3 weeks of age. Many scientific studies reported physiological and behavioural changes indicating pain and distress following disbudding, and this can be a significant cause of welfare compromise in goat kids. Recognition and measurement of pain is important to treat and/or manage pain and distress following painful procedures. This review focuses on pain assessment in goat kids following disbudding, using both physiological and behavioural measures. As only a limited information is available on the topic of interest, relevant studies in other young farm animals have also been discussed to compare the status quo in goat kids.

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Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and convulsive dose of articaine hydrochloride in goat kids

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Pain Mitigation Strategies for Disbudding in Goat Kids

Pain Mitigation Strategies for Disbudding in Goat Kids

Pharmacokinetics of Local Anesthetics in Dentistry: The Example of Articaine-Containing and Mepivacaine- Containing Anesthetics

Pain Assessment in Goat Kids: Focus on Disbudding

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