Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of bronopol in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon Idella , at 15 and 20°C

Abstract

This study explored the pharmacokinetic characteristics of bronopol in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under different temperatures. The concentrations of bronopol in the plasma and tissues (kidney, liver and muscle) of grass carp after soaking in bronopol (6.75 µg/ml) at 15 and 20°C were determined using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The concentrations of bronopol in both plasma and tissue first increased and then decreased with soaking time at both tested temperatures. The peak bronopol concentrations at 15°C (plasma: 8.934 µg/ml; kidney: 9.23 µg/g; liver: 9.47 µg/g; and muscle: 7.98 µg/g) were slightly lower than those at 20°C (plasma: 9.654 µg/ml; kidney: 10.83 µg/g; liver: 13.40 µg/g; and muscle: 8.68 µg/g). In an analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters, the bronopol concentration–time profiles for plasma were best described by a two‐compartment, open pharmacokinetic model with first‐order absorption. The t1/2β for plasma at 15 and 20°C was 82.933 and 92.041 hr, respectively, indicating that the elimination of bronopol was faster at 15°C than at 20°C. In addition, AUC0‐t and AUC0‐∞ values of bronopol were 477.892 and 495.809 µg/L hr at 15°C and 495.809 and 589.859 µg/L hr at 20°C, indicating that the content of bronopol in the organism was higher at higher temperature.

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Enrofloxacin Following Single Oral Administration in Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio haematoperus)

“…The plasma pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin has been reported in some fish species, such as crucian carp (11,12), large yellow croaker (13), tilapia (14), snakehead fish (15), brown turbot (16), and salmonids (17). In addition to those pharmacokinetics studies, the tissue distribution of enrofloxacin has also been reported in aquaculture species, including northern snakeheads (18), rainbow trout (19,20), grass carp (21), largemouth bass (22), and pacu (23). Those previous results indicated that the plasma and tissues kinetics of enrofloxacin might be strongly influenced by fish species, body conditions, routes of administration, water temperature, and other environmental factors.…”

Solvents Influence 1H NMR Chemical Shifts and Complete 1H and 13C NMR Spectral Assignments for Florfenicol

“…6 To protect food health and safety, the detection of FFC residue in animal and meat-derived foods has been gradually emphasized. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Chloramphenicol analogs usually have low residue levels in aquatic products, thus, it is necessary to use high sensitivity and low detection limit assays to detect them.…”